2023
78.
Васильев, А. Н.; Крючкова, А. Г.; Маковская, А. Е. (2023). Повышенная чувствительность пространственных фильтров при совмещении магнитного и электрического компонентов сенсомоторного кортикального бета-ритма. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология, 78, 2-10. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-1-1
@article{Vasilyev2023c,
title = {Повышенная чувствительность пространственных фильтров при совмещении магнитного и электрического компонентов сенсомоторного кортикального бета-ритма},
author = {А.Н. Васильев and А.Г. Крючкова and А.Е. Маковская},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.55959_msu0137-0952-16-78-1-1.pdf},
doi = {10.55959/msu0137-0952-16-78-1-1},
issn = {0137-0952},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-30},
urldate = {2023-04-30},
journal = {Вестник Московского университета. Серия 16. Биология},
volume = {78},
issue = {1},
pages = {2-10},
publisher = {Издательский Дом МГУ},
abstract = {Модуляция магнитного или электрического сенсомоторных ритмов человека при представлении движений широко используется в фундаментальных и прикладных нейрофизиологических исследованиях. К настоящему времени имеются доказательства лучшей чувствительности сенсоров магнитного поля к модуляции бета-ритма, однако потенциальный синергический эффект от объединения двух модальностей еще не был исследован. В этом исследовании одновременная регистрация электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ) и магнитоэнцефалограммы (МЭГ) проведена у восьми здоровых испытуемых-добровольцев при выполнении ими произвольных и воображаемых движений, а также при электрической стимуляции медианного нерва. У всех испытуемых удалось идентифицировать десинхронизацию (подавление) мюи бета-ритмов при выполнении сенсомоторных заданий, а также бета-синхронизацию после окончания движения или стимуляции. С использованием общих проекций ковариационных матриц сигналов электрической, магнитной и объединенной («МЭЭГ») модальностей были вычислены наиболее чувствительные индивидуальные пространственные фильтры отдельно для каждого из типов реакций. По сравнению с предстимульным контролем выраженность изменений амплитуды компонентов сенсомоторного ритма оказалась наибольшей в объединенной МЭЭГмодальности. При этом для мю-десинхронизации МЭЭГ оказалась значимо лучше МЭГ, а для бета-десинхронизации МЭЭГ оказалась существенно лучше как МЭГ, так и ЭЭГ. Для бета-синхронизации показано смещение положения источников во фронтомедиальном направлении, а значимых различий в амплитуде между модальностями не было. Также было показано, что для бета-десинхронизации у большинства испытуемых выделялись МЭГ-источники с одинаковыми ЭЭГ-проекциями или без выраженных ЭЭГ-проекций, что свидетельствует о наличии нескольких малых тангенциально расположенных кортикальных диполей, участвующих в десинхронизации бета-ритма. Полученные результаты позволяют полагать, что в исследованиях модуляции компонентов сенсомоторного ритма, в особенности бета-десинхронизации, совмещение МЭГ и ЭЭГ приводит к повышению чувствительности метода. Мультифокальность магнитного бета-ритма и его различная выраженность в ЭЭГ-источниках указывают на наличие независимых регуляторных контуров корковоталамического или внутрикортикального происхождения.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Модуляция магнитного или электрического сенсомоторных ритмов человека при представлении движений широко используется в фундаментальных и прикладных нейрофизиологических исследованиях. К настоящему времени имеются доказательства лучшей чувствительности сенсоров магнитного поля к модуляции бета-ритма, однако потенциальный синергический эффект от объединения двух модальностей еще не был исследован. В этом исследовании одновременная регистрация электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ) и магнитоэнцефалограммы (МЭГ) проведена у восьми здоровых испытуемых-добровольцев при выполнении ими произвольных и воображаемых движений, а также при электрической стимуляции медианного нерва. У всех испытуемых удалось идентифицировать десинхронизацию (подавление) мюи бета-ритмов при выполнении сенсомоторных заданий, а также бета-синхронизацию после окончания движения или стимуляции. С использованием общих проекций ковариационных матриц сигналов электрической, магнитной и объединенной («МЭЭГ») модальностей были вычислены наиболее чувствительные индивидуальные пространственные фильтры отдельно для каждого из типов реакций. По сравнению с предстимульным контролем выраженность изменений амплитуды компонентов сенсомоторного ритма оказалась наибольшей в объединенной МЭЭГмодальности. При этом для мю-десинхронизации МЭЭГ оказалась значимо лучше МЭГ, а для бета-десинхронизации МЭЭГ оказалась существенно лучше как МЭГ, так и ЭЭГ. Для бета-синхронизации показано смещение положения источников во фронтомедиальном направлении, а значимых различий в амплитуде между модальностями не было. Также было показано, что для бета-десинхронизации у большинства испытуемых выделялись МЭГ-источники с одинаковыми ЭЭГ-проекциями или без выраженных ЭЭГ-проекций, что свидетельствует о наличии нескольких малых тангенциально расположенных кортикальных диполей, участвующих в десинхронизации бета-ритма. Полученные результаты позволяют полагать, что в исследованиях модуляции компонентов сенсомоторного ритма, в особенности бета-десинхронизации, совмещение МЭГ и ЭЭГ приводит к повышению чувствительности метода. Мультифокальность магнитного бета-ритма и его различная выраженность в ЭЭГ-источниках указывают на наличие независимых регуляторных контуров корковоталамического или внутрикортикального происхождения.
77.
Ganin, I. P.; Vasilyev, A. N.; Glazova, T. D.; Kaplan, A. Y. (2023). Sources and impact of human brain potential variability in the brain-computer interface. Bulletin of RSMU, 2, 40-47. https://doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2023.013
@article{Ganin2023,
title = {Sources and impact of human brain potential variability in the brain-computer interface},
author = {Ganin, I.P. and Vasilyev, A.N. and Glazova, T.D. and Kaplan, A.Y. },
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.24075_brsmu.2023.013.pdf},
doi = {10.24075/brsmu.2023.013},
issn = {2542-1204},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-28},
urldate = {2023-04-28},
journal = {Bulletin of RSMU},
volume = {2},
pages = {40-47},
publisher = {Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University},
abstract = {In the brain-computer interface based on the P300 wave (P300 BCI), the selection of the command by the user becomes possible due to focusing the user's attention on the external stimulus/command and extraction of the response to this stimulus in the form of the event-related potential (ERP) components from EEG. To obtain the ERP signal, stimuli should be repeated many times, however, in view of the existing variability in latency of the response to certain stimuli, the averaged ERPs may give a distorted view of the nature of such responses and reduce accuracy of the interface. The study was aimed to develop an effective method for identification of the effects of the ERP components' latency variability and for accounting these effects in the P300 BCI, as well as to identify the possible impact of psychophysiological factors on the nature of ERP variability. We have conducted a BCI-based study of 19 healthy subjects involving extraction and adjustment of latency in the N1 and P300 spatial components, which play a key role in the command classification in the P300 BCI, to explore the mechanisms underlying variability. Such an approach ensured higher accuracy compared to the use of conventional EEG leads, and the highest increase of 10% was observed when using the minimum number of the stimulus repetitions. Furthermore, modifications of the interface allowing one to ensure a higher level of the user's focus on the task and a more accurate visual fixation on the target objects contributed to the increase in the amplitude of the ERP components by reducing variability of the responses to single stimuli. The findings emphasize the important role of the processes underlying the ERP components' variability and provide an effective tool for scientific exploration of such processes and the development of advanced BCI systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the brain-computer interface based on the P300 wave (P300 BCI), the selection of the command by the user becomes possible due to focusing the user's attention on the external stimulus/command and extraction of the response to this stimulus in the form of the event-related potential (ERP) components from EEG. To obtain the ERP signal, stimuli should be repeated many times, however, in view of the existing variability in latency of the response to certain stimuli, the averaged ERPs may give a distorted view of the nature of such responses and reduce accuracy of the interface. The study was aimed to develop an effective method for identification of the effects of the ERP components' latency variability and for accounting these effects in the P300 BCI, as well as to identify the possible impact of psychophysiological factors on the nature of ERP variability. We have conducted a BCI-based study of 19 healthy subjects involving extraction and adjustment of latency in the N1 and P300 spatial components, which play a key role in the command classification in the P300 BCI, to explore the mechanisms underlying variability. Such an approach ensured higher accuracy compared to the use of conventional EEG leads, and the highest increase of 10% was observed when using the minimum number of the stimulus repetitions. Furthermore, modifications of the interface allowing one to ensure a higher level of the user's focus on the task and a more accurate visual fixation on the target objects contributed to the increase in the amplitude of the ERP components by reducing variability of the responses to single stimuli. The findings emphasize the important role of the processes underlying the ERP components' variability and provide an effective tool for scientific exploration of such processes and the development of advanced BCI systems.
76.
Ганин, И. П.; Васильев, А. Н.; Глазова, Т. Д.; Каплан, А. Я. (2023). Источники и значимость вариативности потенциалов мозга человека в интерфейсе мозг–компьютер. Вестник РГМУ, 2, 42-49. https://doi.org/10.24075/vrgmu.2023.013
@article{Ганин2023,
title = {Источники и значимость вариативности потенциалов мозга человека в интерфейсе мозг–компьютер},
author = {И.П. Ганин and А.Н. Васильев and Т.Д. Глазова and А.Я. Каплан},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.24075_vrgmu.2023.013.pdf},
doi = {10.24075/vrgmu.2023.013},
issn = {2070-7339},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-28},
urldate = {2023-04-28},
journal = {Вестник РГМУ},
volume = {2},
pages = {42-49},
publisher = {Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова},
abstract = {В интерфейсе мозг–компьютер на волне P300 (ИМК-P300) выбор команд пользователя возможен за счет фокусирования им внимания на внешнем стимуле-команде и выделении из ЭЭГ реакции к этому стимулу — в виде компонентов потенциалов, связанных с событиями (ПСС). Для получения сигнала ПСС стимулы необходимо многократно повторять, однако ввиду существующей вариативности латентности реакций на отдельные стимулы усредненные ПСС могут давать искаженное представление о характере таких реакций, а также снижать точность работы интерфейса. Целью работы было разработать эффективный способ выявления эффектов вариативности латентности компонентов ПСС и учета этих эффектов в ИМК-P300, и выявить возможное влияние психофизиологических факторов на характер вариативности ПСС. Для изучения механизмов вариативности мы провели ИМК-исследование на 19 здоровых испытуемых, где использовали выделение и коррекцию латентности в пространственных компонентах N1 и P300, играющих ключевую роль в классификации команд в ИМК-P300. Этот подход обеспечил более высокую точность по сравнению с использованием обычных отведений ЭЭГ, при этом наибольший рост в 10% наблюдался при минимальном числе повторов стимулов. Также модификации интерфейса, позволяющие обеспечить более высокий уровень внимания пользователя к задаче и более четкую фиксацию взгляда на целевых объектах, способствовали повышению амплитуд компонентов ПСС посредством снижения вариативности реакций на единичные стимулы. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важную роль процессов вариативности компонентов ПСС и дают эффективный инструмент для их научного изучения, а также для разработки перспективных систем ИМК.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
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В интерфейсе мозг–компьютер на волне P300 (ИМК-P300) выбор команд пользователя возможен за счет фокусирования им внимания на внешнем стимуле-команде и выделении из ЭЭГ реакции к этому стимулу — в виде компонентов потенциалов, связанных с событиями (ПСС). Для получения сигнала ПСС стимулы необходимо многократно повторять, однако ввиду существующей вариативности латентности реакций на отдельные стимулы усредненные ПСС могут давать искаженное представление о характере таких реакций, а также снижать точность работы интерфейса. Целью работы было разработать эффективный способ выявления эффектов вариативности латентности компонентов ПСС и учета этих эффектов в ИМК-P300, и выявить возможное влияние психофизиологических факторов на характер вариативности ПСС. Для изучения механизмов вариативности мы провели ИМК-исследование на 19 здоровых испытуемых, где использовали выделение и коррекцию латентности в пространственных компонентах N1 и P300, играющих ключевую роль в классификации команд в ИМК-P300. Этот подход обеспечил более высокую точность по сравнению с использованием обычных отведений ЭЭГ, при этом наибольший рост в 10% наблюдался при минимальном числе повторов стимулов. Также модификации интерфейса, позволяющие обеспечить более высокий уровень внимания пользователя к задаче и более четкую фиксацию взгляда на целевых объектах, способствовали повышению амплитуд компонентов ПСС посредством снижения вариативности реакций на единичные стимулы. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важную роль процессов вариативности компонентов ПСС и дают эффективный инструмент для их научного изучения, а также для разработки перспективных систем ИМК.
75.
Фадеев, К. А.; Гояева, Д. Э.; Обухова, Т. С.; Овсянникова, Т. М.; Шведовский, Е. Ф.; Николаева, А. Ю.; Давыдова, Е. Ю.; Строганова, Т. А.; Орехова, Е. В. (2023). Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта. Клиническая и специальная психология, 12(1), 180-212. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2023120108
@article{Fadeev2023,
title = {Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта},
author = {Фадеев, К.А. and Гояева, Д.Э. and Обухова, Т.С. and Овсянникова, Т.М. and Шведовский, Е.Ф. and Николаева, А.Ю. and Давыдова, Е.Ю. and Строганова, Т.А. and Орехова, Е.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.17759_cpse.2023120108.pdf},
doi = {10.17759/cpse.2023120108},
issn = {2304-0394},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-10},
urldate = {2023-04-10},
journal = {Клиническая и специальная психология},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {180-212},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
abstract = {Известно, что детям с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) сложнее, чем типично развивающимся сверстникам, понимать речь в шумной обстановке. В основе такого нарушения могут лежать снижение помехоустойчивости и/или трудности интеграции фрагментов речи, расслышанных в интервалах, которые имеются в окружающих шумах. Мы исследовали роль этих факторов в восприятии слов на фоне шума у детей с РАС с широким спектром интеллектуальных способностей. Выборку составили 42 ребенка с РАС и 38 типично развивающихся детей 7–12 лет. Детям предлагалось повторять двусложные слова, предъявляемые на фоне шума. Использовалось два типа маскировки: стационарный шум и шум, модулированный по амплитуде. Уровень интеллекта оценивался с помощью Батареи тестов Кауфмана для детей (KABC-II). Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что дети с РАС хуже, чем типично развивающиеся дети, распознавали слова на фоне стационарного шума, т.е. имели сниженную помехоустойчивость. Даже после поправки на помехоустойчивость, наличие интервалов сниженной интенсивности в шуме, модулированном по амплитуде, в меньшей степени улучшало распознавание слов у детей с РАС, чем у типично развивающихся детей (F(1,75)=18,57, p<0,001). Ни успешность восприятия слов на фоне стационарного шума, ни способность использовать для распознавания интервалы низкой интенсивности шума не коррелировали у детей с РАС с уровнем интеллекта (коэффициент Спирмена, все p>0,80). Трудности восприятия зашумленной речи у детей с РАС не зависят напрямую от уровня их когнитивных способностей и связаны как с низкой помехоустойчивостью, так и слабыми возможностями временной интеграции фонем в слова.
Портал психологических изданий PsyJournals.ru — https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2023_n1/Fadeev_et_al [Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта // Клиническая и специальная психология — 2023. Том 12. № 1]},
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tppubtype = {article}
}
Известно, что детям с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) сложнее, чем типично развивающимся сверстникам, понимать речь в шумной обстановке. В основе такого нарушения могут лежать снижение помехоустойчивости и/или трудности интеграции фрагментов речи, расслышанных в интервалах, которые имеются в окружающих шумах. Мы исследовали роль этих факторов в восприятии слов на фоне шума у детей с РАС с широким спектром интеллектуальных способностей. Выборку составили 42 ребенка с РАС и 38 типично развивающихся детей 7–12 лет. Детям предлагалось повторять двусложные слова, предъявляемые на фоне шума. Использовалось два типа маскировки: стационарный шум и шум, модулированный по амплитуде. Уровень интеллекта оценивался с помощью Батареи тестов Кауфмана для детей (KABC-II). Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что дети с РАС хуже, чем типично развивающиеся дети, распознавали слова на фоне стационарного шума, т.е. имели сниженную помехоустойчивость. Даже после поправки на помехоустойчивость, наличие интервалов сниженной интенсивности в шуме, модулированном по амплитуде, в меньшей степени улучшало распознавание слов у детей с РАС, чем у типично развивающихся детей (F(1,75)=18,57, p<0,001). Ни успешность восприятия слов на фоне стационарного шума, ни способность использовать для распознавания интервалы низкой интенсивности шума не коррелировали у детей с РАС с уровнем интеллекта (коэффициент Спирмена, все p>0,80). Трудности восприятия зашумленной речи у детей с РАС не зависят напрямую от уровня их когнитивных способностей и связаны как с низкой помехоустойчивостью, так и слабыми возможностями временной интеграции фонем в слова.
Портал психологических изданий PsyJournals.ru — https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2023_n1/Fadeev_et_al [Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта // Клиническая и специальная психология — 2023. Том 12. № 1]
Портал психологических изданий PsyJournals.ru — https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2023_n1/Fadeev_et_al [Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта // Клиническая и специальная психология — 2023. Том 12. № 1]
74.
Козунова, Г. Л.; Новиков, А. Ю.; Чернышев, Б. В. (2023). Профиль интеллекта и личностные особенности у взрослых пациентов с высокофункциональным аутизмом. Национальный психологический журнал, 18(1), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2023.0102
@article{Kozunova2023c,
title = {Профиль интеллекта и личностные особенности у взрослых пациентов с высокофункциональным аутизмом},
author = {Козунова, Г.Л. and Новиков, А.Ю. and Чернышев, Б.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.11621_npj.2023.0102.pdf},
doi = {10.11621/npj.2023.0102},
issn = {2309-9828},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-16},
urldate = {2023-03-16},
journal = {Национальный психологический журнал},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {18-31},
publisher = {Российское психологическое сообщество},
abstract = {Актуальность. Аутизм является первазивным расстройством психики, обусловленным нарушением развития нервной системы в раннем онтогенезе. При легких формах аутизм может оставаться недиагностированным и во взрослом возрасте. Исследования особенностей личности и интеллекта у взрослых пациентов с аутизмом необходимы для качественной диагностики мягких форм этого расстройства у социально адаптированных людей.
Цель. Изучение профиля интеллектуальных способностей у взрослых людей с высокофункциональным аутизмом и его взаимосвязи с особенностями темперамента и выраженностью симптомов аутистического спектра.
Выборка. В исследовании приняли участие 30 пациентов с высокофункциональным аутизмом и 30 нейротипичных испытуемых в возрасте от 18 до 20 лет.
Методы. Участники исследования прошли тестирование интеллекта с помощью короткой версии теста Векслера и заполнили опросник «Чувствительность систем активации и торможения поведения» Карвера — Уайта. Кроме того, группа пациентов с аутизмом заполнила опросник «Коэффициент аутизма», разработанный Бароном-Коэном, для оценки выраженности клинических симптомов.
Результаты. Пациенты с аутизмом, не отличаясь от контрольной группы по общему уровню интеллекта, показали значимо более низкий уровень вербальных способностей. Чем ярче у них были выражены клинические симптомы, тем ниже были их показатели вербальной гибкости. В клинической группе были значимо снижены баллы по шкале «Чувствительность системы активации поведения», что проявлялось в низком уровне поиска новых и приятных впечатлений (Fun seeking). В отличие от нейротипичной выборки, в которой более высокая чувствительность системы активации поведения положительно коррелировала с вербальными способностями, у пациентов с аутизмом особенности темперамента не были связаны с профилем интеллекта.
Выводы. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о том, что аутизм во взрослом возрасте сопровождается сниженной вербальной гибкостью. Можно предполагать, что такой интеллектуальный профиль является отдаленным последствием задержки речевого развития в раннем возрасте.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Актуальность. Аутизм является первазивным расстройством психики, обусловленным нарушением развития нервной системы в раннем онтогенезе. При легких формах аутизм может оставаться недиагностированным и во взрослом возрасте. Исследования особенностей личности и интеллекта у взрослых пациентов с аутизмом необходимы для качественной диагностики мягких форм этого расстройства у социально адаптированных людей.
Цель. Изучение профиля интеллектуальных способностей у взрослых людей с высокофункциональным аутизмом и его взаимосвязи с особенностями темперамента и выраженностью симптомов аутистического спектра.
Выборка. В исследовании приняли участие 30 пациентов с высокофункциональным аутизмом и 30 нейротипичных испытуемых в возрасте от 18 до 20 лет.
Методы. Участники исследования прошли тестирование интеллекта с помощью короткой версии теста Векслера и заполнили опросник «Чувствительность систем активации и торможения поведения» Карвера — Уайта. Кроме того, группа пациентов с аутизмом заполнила опросник «Коэффициент аутизма», разработанный Бароном-Коэном, для оценки выраженности клинических симптомов.
Результаты. Пациенты с аутизмом, не отличаясь от контрольной группы по общему уровню интеллекта, показали значимо более низкий уровень вербальных способностей. Чем ярче у них были выражены клинические симптомы, тем ниже были их показатели вербальной гибкости. В клинической группе были значимо снижены баллы по шкале «Чувствительность системы активации поведения», что проявлялось в низком уровне поиска новых и приятных впечатлений (Fun seeking). В отличие от нейротипичной выборки, в которой более высокая чувствительность системы активации поведения положительно коррелировала с вербальными способностями, у пациентов с аутизмом особенности темперамента не были связаны с профилем интеллекта.
Выводы. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о том, что аутизм во взрослом возрасте сопровождается сниженной вербальной гибкостью. Можно предполагать, что такой интеллектуальный профиль является отдаленным последствием задержки речевого развития в раннем возрасте.
Цель. Изучение профиля интеллектуальных способностей у взрослых людей с высокофункциональным аутизмом и его взаимосвязи с особенностями темперамента и выраженностью симптомов аутистического спектра.
Выборка. В исследовании приняли участие 30 пациентов с высокофункциональным аутизмом и 30 нейротипичных испытуемых в возрасте от 18 до 20 лет.
Методы. Участники исследования прошли тестирование интеллекта с помощью короткой версии теста Векслера и заполнили опросник «Чувствительность систем активации и торможения поведения» Карвера — Уайта. Кроме того, группа пациентов с аутизмом заполнила опросник «Коэффициент аутизма», разработанный Бароном-Коэном, для оценки выраженности клинических симптомов.
Результаты. Пациенты с аутизмом, не отличаясь от контрольной группы по общему уровню интеллекта, показали значимо более низкий уровень вербальных способностей. Чем ярче у них были выражены клинические симптомы, тем ниже были их показатели вербальной гибкости. В клинической группе были значимо снижены баллы по шкале «Чувствительность системы активации поведения», что проявлялось в низком уровне поиска новых и приятных впечатлений (Fun seeking). В отличие от нейротипичной выборки, в которой более высокая чувствительность системы активации поведения положительно коррелировала с вербальными способностями, у пациентов с аутизмом особенности темперамента не были связаны с профилем интеллекта.
Выводы. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о том, что аутизм во взрослом возрасте сопровождается сниженной вербальной гибкостью. Можно предполагать, что такой интеллектуальный профиль является отдаленным последствием задержки речевого развития в раннем возрасте.
73.
Козунова, Г. Л.; Закиров, Ф. Х.; Рытикова, А. М.; Строганова, Т. А.; Чернышев, Б. В. (2023). Нейробиологические факторы нарушения исполнительных функций при аутизме. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова, 73(2), 147-172. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0044467723020077
@article{Kozunova2023b,
title = {Нейробиологические факторы нарушения исполнительных функций при аутизме},
author = {Козунова, Г.Л. and Закиров, Ф.Х. and Рытикова, А.М. and Строганова, Т.А. and Чернышев, Б.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.31857_s0044467723020077.pdf},
doi = {10.31857/s0044467723020077},
issn = {0044-4677},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-01},
urldate = {2023-03-01},
journal = {Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова},
volume = {73},
number = {2},
pages = {147-172},
publisher = {Российская академия наук},
abstract = {Аутизм является нарушением психического развития, характеризующимся трудностями социального взаимодействия и склонностью к стереотипному поведению. Значительный вклад в развитие этих симптомов вносит нейропсихологический дефицит исполнительных функций – когнитивной гибкости, тормозного контроля, рабочей памяти и др. Ключевую роль в этих процессах играют префронтальная и поясная кора, которые регулируются нейромодуляторными системами мозга, включая холинергическую, норадренергическую, серотонинергическую и дофаминергическую. На ранних этапах развития мозга нейромодуляторы выполняют роль нейротрофических факторов и регулируют баланс возбуждения и торможения в коре больших полушарий. Патогенез аутизма может быть связан с нарушением метаболизма одного или нескольких нейромодуляторов. Цель настоящего обзора состоит в том, чтобы рассмотреть роль нейромодуляторов в сформированном и развивающемся мозге и вклад, который вносит их дисбаланс в развитие симптомов аутизма у детей и взрослых.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Аутизм является нарушением психического развития, характеризующимся трудностями социального взаимодействия и склонностью к стереотипному поведению. Значительный вклад в развитие этих симптомов вносит нейропсихологический дефицит исполнительных функций – когнитивной гибкости, тормозного контроля, рабочей памяти и др. Ключевую роль в этих процессах играют префронтальная и поясная кора, которые регулируются нейромодуляторными системами мозга, включая холинергическую, норадренергическую, серотонинергическую и дофаминергическую. На ранних этапах развития мозга нейромодуляторы выполняют роль нейротрофических факторов и регулируют баланс возбуждения и торможения в коре больших полушарий. Патогенез аутизма может быть связан с нарушением метаболизма одного или нескольких нейромодуляторов. Цель настоящего обзора состоит в том, чтобы рассмотреть роль нейромодуляторов в сформированном и развивающемся мозге и вклад, который вносит их дисбаланс в развитие симптомов аутизма у детей и взрослых.
72.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Galuta, Ilia A.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Goiaeva, Dzerassa E.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Fadeev, Kirill A.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2023). Gamma oscillations point to the role of primary visual cortex in atypical motion processing in autism. PLoS ONE, 18(2), e0281531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281531
@article{Orekhova2023,
title = {Gamma oscillations point to the role of primary visual cortex in atypical motion processing in autism},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Ilia A. Galuta and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Dzerassa E. Goiaeva and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Kirill A. Fadeev and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
editor = {Mehdi Adibi},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1371_journal.pone.0281531.pdf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0281531},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-13},
urldate = {2023-02-13},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e0281531},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {Neurophysiological studies suggest that abnormal neural inhibition may explain a range of sensory processing differences in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, the impaired ability of people with ASD to visually discriminate the motion direction of small-size objects and their reduced perceptual suppression of background-like visual motion may stem from deficient surround inhibition within the primary visual cortex (V1) and/or its atypical top-down modulation by higher-tier cortical areas. In this study, we estimate the contribution of abnormal surround inhibition to the motion-processing deficit in ASD. For this purpose, we used a putative correlate of surround inhibition–suppression of the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) gamma response (GR) caused by an increase in the drift rate of a large annular high-contrast grating. The motion direction discrimination thresholds for the gratings of different angular sizes (1° and 12°) were assessed in a separate psychophysical paradigm. The MEG data were collected in 42 boys with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7–15 years. Psychophysical data were available in 33 and 34 of these participants, respectively. The results showed that the GR suppression in V1 was reduced in boys with ASD, while their ability to detect the direction of motion was compromised only in the case of small stimuli. In TD boys, the GR suppression directly correlated with perceptual suppression caused by increasing stimulus size, thus suggesting the role of the top-down modulations of V1 in surround inhibition. In ASD, weaker GR suppression was associated with the poor directional sensitivity to small stimuli, but not with perceptual suppression. These results strongly suggest that a local inhibitory deficit in V1 plays an important role in the reduction of directional sensitivity in ASD and that this perceptual deficit cannot be explained exclusively by atypical top-down modulation of V1 by higher-tier cortical areas.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Neurophysiological studies suggest that abnormal neural inhibition may explain a range of sensory processing differences in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, the impaired ability of people with ASD to visually discriminate the motion direction of small-size objects and their reduced perceptual suppression of background-like visual motion may stem from deficient surround inhibition within the primary visual cortex (V1) and/or its atypical top-down modulation by higher-tier cortical areas. In this study, we estimate the contribution of abnormal surround inhibition to the motion-processing deficit in ASD. For this purpose, we used a putative correlate of surround inhibition–suppression of the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) gamma response (GR) caused by an increase in the drift rate of a large annular high-contrast grating. The motion direction discrimination thresholds for the gratings of different angular sizes (1° and 12°) were assessed in a separate psychophysical paradigm. The MEG data were collected in 42 boys with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7–15 years. Psychophysical data were available in 33 and 34 of these participants, respectively. The results showed that the GR suppression in V1 was reduced in boys with ASD, while their ability to detect the direction of motion was compromised only in the case of small stimuli. In TD boys, the GR suppression directly correlated with perceptual suppression caused by increasing stimulus size, thus suggesting the role of the top-down modulations of V1 in surround inhibition. In ASD, weaker GR suppression was associated with the poor directional sensitivity to small stimuli, but not with perceptual suppression. These results strongly suggest that a local inhibitory deficit in V1 plays an important role in the reduction of directional sensitivity in ASD and that this perceptual deficit cannot be explained exclusively by atypical top-down modulation of V1 by higher-tier cortical areas.
71.
Vasilyev, Anatoly N.; Yashin, Artem S.; Shishkin, Sergei L. (2023). Quasi-Movements and “Quasi-Quasi-Movements”: Does Residual Muscle Activation Matter? Life, 13(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020303
@article{Vasilyev2023d,
title = {Quasi-Movements and “Quasi-Quasi-Movements”: Does Residual Muscle Activation Matter?},
author = {Anatoly N. Vasilyev and Artem S. Yashin and Sergei L. Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_life13020303.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/life13020303},
issn = {2075-1729},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-00},
urldate = {2023-02-00},
journal = {Life},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {303},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Quasi-movements (QM) are observed when an individual minimizes a movement to an extent that no related muscle activation is detected. Likewise to imaginary movements (IM) and overt movements, QMs are accompanied by the event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG sensorimotor rhythms. Stronger ERD was observed under QMs compared to IMs in some studies. However, the difference could be caused by the remaining muscle activation in QMs that could escape detection. Here, we re-examined the relation between the electromyography (EMG) signal and ERD in QM using sensitive data analysis procedures. More trials with signs of muscle activation were observed in QMs compared with a visual task and IMs. However, the rate of such trials was not correlated with subjective estimates of actual movement. Contralateral ERD did not depend on the EMG but still was stronger in QMs compared with IMs. These results suggest that brain mechanisms are common for QMs in the strict sense and “quasi-quasi-movements” (attempts to perform the same task accompanied by detectable EMG elevation) but differ between them and IMs. QMs could be helpful in research aimed at better understanding motor action and at modeling the use of attempted movements in the brain-computer interfaces with healthy participants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Quasi-movements (QM) are observed when an individual minimizes a movement to an extent that no related muscle activation is detected. Likewise to imaginary movements (IM) and overt movements, QMs are accompanied by the event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG sensorimotor rhythms. Stronger ERD was observed under QMs compared to IMs in some studies. However, the difference could be caused by the remaining muscle activation in QMs that could escape detection. Here, we re-examined the relation between the electromyography (EMG) signal and ERD in QM using sensitive data analysis procedures. More trials with signs of muscle activation were observed in QMs compared with a visual task and IMs. However, the rate of such trials was not correlated with subjective estimates of actual movement. Contralateral ERD did not depend on the EMG but still was stronger in QMs compared with IMs. These results suggest that brain mechanisms are common for QMs in the strict sense and “quasi-quasi-movements” (attempts to perform the same task accompanied by detectable EMG elevation) but differ between them and IMs. QMs could be helpful in research aimed at better understanding motor action and at modeling the use of attempted movements in the brain-computer interfaces with healthy participants.
2022
70.
Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Orekhova, Elena V.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2022). Altered visual cortex excitability in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence from magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations and perceptual suppression. PLoS ONE, 17(12), e0279868. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279868
@article{Manyukhina2022,
title = {Altered visual cortex excitability in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence from magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations and perceptual suppression},
author = {Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Elena V. Orekhova and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
editor = {Thiago P. Fernandes},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1371_journal.pone.0279868.pdf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0279868},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-30},
urldate = {2022-12-30},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e0279868},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by extreme mood shifts during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) due to abnormal sensitivity to neurosteroids and unbalanced neural excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratio. We hypothesized that in women with PMDD in the luteal phase, these factors would alter the frequency of magnetoencephalographic visual gamma oscillations, affect modulation of their power by excitatory drive, and decrease perceptual spatial suppression. Women with PMDD and control women were examined twice–during the follicular and luteal phases of their MC. We recorded visual gamma response (GR) while modulating the excitatory drive by increasing the drift rate of the high-contrast grating (static, ‘slow’, ‘medium’, and ‘fast’). Contrary to our expectations, GR frequency was not affected in women with PMDD in either phase of the MC. GR power suppression, which is normally associated with a switch from the ‘optimal’ for GR slow drift rate to the medium drift rate, was reduced in women with PMDD and was the only GR parameter that distinguished them from control participants specifically in the luteal phase and predicted severity of their premenstrual symptoms. Over and above the atypical luteal GR suppression, in both phases of the MC women with PMDD had abnormally strong GR facilitation caused by a switch from the ‘suboptimal’ static to the ‘optimal’ slow drift rate. Perceptual spatial suppression did not differ between the groups but decreased from the follicular to the luteal phase only in PMDD women. The atypical modulation of GR power suggests that neuronal excitability in the visual cortex is constitutively elevated in PMDD and that this E/I imbalance is further exacerbated during the luteal phase. However, the unaltered GR frequency does not support the hypothesis of inhibitory neuron dysfunction in PMDD.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by extreme mood shifts during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) due to abnormal sensitivity to neurosteroids and unbalanced neural excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratio. We hypothesized that in women with PMDD in the luteal phase, these factors would alter the frequency of magnetoencephalographic visual gamma oscillations, affect modulation of their power by excitatory drive, and decrease perceptual spatial suppression. Women with PMDD and control women were examined twice–during the follicular and luteal phases of their MC. We recorded visual gamma response (GR) while modulating the excitatory drive by increasing the drift rate of the high-contrast grating (static, ‘slow’, ‘medium’, and ‘fast’). Contrary to our expectations, GR frequency was not affected in women with PMDD in either phase of the MC. GR power suppression, which is normally associated with a switch from the ‘optimal’ for GR slow drift rate to the medium drift rate, was reduced in women with PMDD and was the only GR parameter that distinguished them from control participants specifically in the luteal phase and predicted severity of their premenstrual symptoms. Over and above the atypical luteal GR suppression, in both phases of the MC women with PMDD had abnormally strong GR facilitation caused by a switch from the ‘suboptimal’ static to the ‘optimal’ slow drift rate. Perceptual spatial suppression did not differ between the groups but decreased from the follicular to the luteal phase only in PMDD women. The atypical modulation of GR power suggests that neuronal excitability in the visual cortex is constitutively elevated in PMDD and that this E/I imbalance is further exacerbated during the luteal phase. However, the unaltered GR frequency does not support the hypothesis of inhibitory neuron dysfunction in PMDD.
69.
Козунова, Г. Л.; Новиков, А. Ю.; Строганова, Т. А.; Чернышев, Б. В. (2022). Нетерпимость к неопределенности и трудности принятия решений у взрослых людей с высокофункциональным аутизмом. Клиническая и специальная психология, 11(4), 30-69. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110402
@article{Kozunova2022,
title = {Нетерпимость к неопределенности и трудности принятия решений у взрослых людей с высокофункциональным аутизмом},
author = {Козунова, Г.Л. and Новиков, А.Ю. and Строганова, Т.А. and Чернышев, Б.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.17759_cpse.2022110402.pdf},
doi = {10.17759/cpse.2022110402},
issn = {2304-0394},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-17},
urldate = {2022-12-17},
journal = {Клиническая и специальная психология},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {30-69},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
abstract = {Взрослые люди с высокофункциональным аутизмом испытывают трудности с принятием решений в условиях неполноты и неоднозначности информации, в частности, в контексте социального взаимодействия. Необходимость быстрого ответа или отступления от привычного распорядка вызывает у них чрезмерную тревогу, ограничивающую их социальную и профессиональную активность. Попытки замаскировать для окружающих свою консервативность являются одним из факторов риска по развитию у них коморбидной депрессии. С другой стороны, стремление к постоянству и ясности может давать людям с аутизмом преимущества при длительном выполнении монотонных задач. Цель настоящего обзора состоит в том, чтобы рассмотреть эти симптомы в рамках подхода прогностического кодирования информации. Данные ряда экспериментов свидетельствуют о том, что у испытуемых с аутизмом затруднен процесс прогнозирования последствий на основе обобщенного опыта своего взаимодействия с окружающей средой, а также обновления ожиданий по мере поступления новых свидетельств. Можно предполагать, что эти особенности анализа и прагматической оценки информации лежат в основе характерной для большинства людей с аутизмом нетерпимости к неопределенности и избеганию новизны.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Взрослые люди с высокофункциональным аутизмом испытывают трудности с принятием решений в условиях неполноты и неоднозначности информации, в частности, в контексте социального взаимодействия. Необходимость быстрого ответа или отступления от привычного распорядка вызывает у них чрезмерную тревогу, ограничивающую их социальную и профессиональную активность. Попытки замаскировать для окружающих свою консервативность являются одним из факторов риска по развитию у них коморбидной депрессии. С другой стороны, стремление к постоянству и ясности может давать людям с аутизмом преимущества при длительном выполнении монотонных задач. Цель настоящего обзора состоит в том, чтобы рассмотреть эти симптомы в рамках подхода прогностического кодирования информации. Данные ряда экспериментов свидетельствуют о том, что у испытуемых с аутизмом затруднен процесс прогнозирования последствий на основе обобщенного опыта своего взаимодействия с окружающей средой, а также обновления ожиданий по мере поступления новых свидетельств. Можно предполагать, что эти особенности анализа и прагматической оценки информации лежат в основе характерной для большинства людей с аутизмом нетерпимости к неопределенности и избеганию новизны.
68.
Chirkov, Valerii; Kryuchkova, Anna; Koptelova, Alexandra; Stroganova, Tatiana; Kuznetsova, Alexandra; Kleeva, Daria; Ossadtchi, Alexei; Fedele, Tommaso (2022). Data-driven approach for the delineation of the irritative zone in epilepsy in MEG. PLoS ONE, 17(10), e0275063. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275063
@article{Chirkov2022,
title = {Data-driven approach for the delineation of the irritative zone in epilepsy in MEG},
author = {Valerii Chirkov and Anna Kryuchkova and Alexandra Koptelova and Tatiana Stroganova and Alexandra Kuznetsova and Daria Kleeva and Alexei Ossadtchi and Tommaso Fedele},
editor = {Gennady S. Cymbalyuk},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1371_journal.pone.0275063.pdf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0275063},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-25},
urldate = {2022-10-25},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e0275063},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {The reliable identification of the irritative zone (IZ) is a prerequisite for the correct clinical evaluation of medically refractory patients affected by epilepsy. Given the complexity of MEG data, visual analysis of epileptiform neurophysiological activity is highly time consuming and might leave clinically relevant information undetected. We recorded and analyzed the interictal activity from seven patients affected by epilepsy (Vectorview Neuromag), who successfully underwent epilepsy surgery (Engel > = II). We visually marked and localized characteristic epileptiform activity (VIS). We implemented a two-stage pipeline for the detection of interictal spikes and the delineation of the IZ. First, we detected candidate events from peaky ICA components, and then clustered events around spatio-temporal patterns identified by convolutional sparse coding. We used the average of clustered events to create IZ maps computed at the amplitude peak (PEAK), and at the 50% of the peak ascending slope (SLOPE). We validated our approach by computing the distance of the estimated IZ (VIS, SLOPE and PEAK) from the border of the surgically resected area (RA). We identified 25 spatiotemporal patterns mimicking the underlying interictal activity (3.6 clusters/patient). Each cluster was populated on average by 22.1 [15.0–31.0] spikes. The predicted IZ maps had an average distance from the resection margin of 8.4 ± 9.3 mm for visual analysis, 12.0 ± 16.5 mm for SLOPE and 22.7 ±. 16.4 mm for PEAK. The consideration of the source spread at the ascending slope provided an IZ closer to RA and resembled the analysis of an expert observer. We validated here the performance of a data-driven approach for the automated detection of interictal spikes and delineation of the IZ. This computational framework provides the basis for reproducible and bias-free analysis of MEG recordings in epilepsy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The reliable identification of the irritative zone (IZ) is a prerequisite for the correct clinical evaluation of medically refractory patients affected by epilepsy. Given the complexity of MEG data, visual analysis of epileptiform neurophysiological activity is highly time consuming and might leave clinically relevant information undetected. We recorded and analyzed the interictal activity from seven patients affected by epilepsy (Vectorview Neuromag), who successfully underwent epilepsy surgery (Engel > = II). We visually marked and localized characteristic epileptiform activity (VIS). We implemented a two-stage pipeline for the detection of interictal spikes and the delineation of the IZ. First, we detected candidate events from peaky ICA components, and then clustered events around spatio-temporal patterns identified by convolutional sparse coding. We used the average of clustered events to create IZ maps computed at the amplitude peak (PEAK), and at the 50% of the peak ascending slope (SLOPE). We validated our approach by computing the distance of the estimated IZ (VIS, SLOPE and PEAK) from the border of the surgically resected area (RA). We identified 25 spatiotemporal patterns mimicking the underlying interictal activity (3.6 clusters/patient). Each cluster was populated on average by 22.1 [15.0–31.0] spikes. The predicted IZ maps had an average distance from the resection margin of 8.4 ± 9.3 mm for visual analysis, 12.0 ± 16.5 mm for SLOPE and 22.7 ±. 16.4 mm for PEAK. The consideration of the source spread at the ascending slope provided an IZ closer to RA and resembled the analysis of an expert observer. We validated here the performance of a data-driven approach for the automated detection of interictal spikes and delineation of the IZ. This computational framework provides the basis for reproducible and bias-free analysis of MEG recordings in epilepsy.
67.
Vander, Tatiana; Stroganova, Tatiana; Doufish, Diya; Eliashiv, Dawn; Gilboa, Tal; Medvedovsky, Mordekhay; Ekstein, Dana (2022). What is the optimal duration of home-video-EEG monitoring for patients with <1 seizure per day? A simulation study. Frontiers in Neurology, 13, 938294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.938294
@article{Vander2022,
title = {What is the optimal duration of home-video-EEG monitoring for patients with <1 seizure per day? A simulation study},
author = {Tatiana Vander and Tatiana Stroganova and Diya Doufish and Dawn Eliashiv and Tal Gilboa and Mordekhay Medvedovsky and Dana Ekstein},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fneur.2022.938294.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2022.938294},
issn = {1664-2295},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-22},
urldate = {2022-08-22},
journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
volume = {13},
pages = {938294},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {Ambulatory “at home” video-EEG monitoring (HVEM) may offer a more cost-effective and accessible option as compared to traditional inpatient admissions to epilepsy monitoring units. However, home monitoring may not allow for safe tapering of anti-seizure medications (ASM). As a result, longer periods of monitoring may be necessary to capture a sufficient number of the patients' stereotypic seizures. We aimed to quantitatively estimate the necessary length of HVEM corresponding to various diagnostic scenarios in clinical practice. Using available seizure frequency statistics, we estimated the HVEM duration required to capture one, three, or five seizures on different days, by simulating 100,000 annual time-courses of seizure occurrence in adults and children with more than one and <30 seizures per month (89% of adults and 85% of children). We found that the durations of HVEM needed to record 1, 3, or 5 seizures in 80% of children were 2, 5, and 8 weeks (median 2, 12, and 21 days), respectively, and significantly longer in adults −2, 6, and 10 weeks (median 3, 14, and 26 days; p < 10−10 for all comparisons). Thus, longer HVEM than currently used is needed for expanding its clinical value from diagnosis of nonepileptic or very frequent epileptic events to a presurgical tool for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Technical developments and further studies are warranted.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ambulatory “at home” video-EEG monitoring (HVEM) may offer a more cost-effective and accessible option as compared to traditional inpatient admissions to epilepsy monitoring units. However, home monitoring may not allow for safe tapering of anti-seizure medications (ASM). As a result, longer periods of monitoring may be necessary to capture a sufficient number of the patients' stereotypic seizures. We aimed to quantitatively estimate the necessary length of HVEM corresponding to various diagnostic scenarios in clinical practice. Using available seizure frequency statistics, we estimated the HVEM duration required to capture one, three, or five seizures on different days, by simulating 100,000 annual time-courses of seizure occurrence in adults and children with more than one and <30 seizures per month (89% of adults and 85% of children). We found that the durations of HVEM needed to record 1, 3, or 5 seizures in 80% of children were 2, 5, and 8 weeks (median 2, 12, and 21 days), respectively, and significantly longer in adults −2, 6, and 10 weeks (median 3, 14, and 26 days; p < 10−10 for all comparisons). Thus, longer HVEM than currently used is needed for expanding its clinical value from diagnosis of nonepileptic or very frequent epileptic events to a presurgical tool for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Technical developments and further studies are warranted.
66.
Yashin, Artem S.; Zhao, Darisy G.; Stolyarova, Anastasiya N.; Moscowsky, Anton D.; Yakovlev, Dmitry S.; Nazhestkin, Ivan A.; Shishkin, Sergei L.; Dubynin, Ignat A. (2022). Subjective Distance Estimates and Sense of Agency in Robotic Wheelchair Control. Applied Sciences, 12(12), 6217. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12126217
@article{Yashin2022,
title = {Subjective Distance Estimates and Sense of Agency in Robotic Wheelchair Control},
author = {Artem S. Yashin and Darisy G. Zhao and Anastasiya N. Stolyarova and Anton D. Moscowsky and Dmitry S. Yakovlev and Ivan A. Nazhestkin and Sergei L. Shishkin and Ignat A. Dubynin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_app12126217.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/app12126217},
issn = {2076-3417},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-06-18},
urldate = {2022-06-18},
journal = {Applied Sciences},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {6217},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Sense of agency (SoA) refers to an individual’s awareness of their own actions. SoA studies seek to find objective indicators for the feeling of agency. These indicators, being related to the feeling of control, have practical application in vehicle design. However, they have not been investigated for actions related to the agent’s body movement inherent to steering a vehicle. In our study, participants operated a robotic wheelchair under three conditions: active control by a participant, direct control by the experimenter and remote control by the experimenter. In each trial, a participant drove the wheelchair until a sound signal occurred, after which they stopped the wheelchair and estimated the travelled distance. The subjective estimates were significantly greater when participants operated the wheelchair by themselves. This result contrasts with observations under static settings in previous studies. In an additional study on the electroencephalographic response to a sound presented at a random time after movement onset, the observed latencies in the N1 component implied that participants might have a higher sense of control when they drove the wheelchair. The proposed methodology might become useful to indirectly assess the degree of operator control of a vehicle, primarily in the field of rehabilitation technologies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sense of agency (SoA) refers to an individual’s awareness of their own actions. SoA studies seek to find objective indicators for the feeling of agency. These indicators, being related to the feeling of control, have practical application in vehicle design. However, they have not been investigated for actions related to the agent’s body movement inherent to steering a vehicle. In our study, participants operated a robotic wheelchair under three conditions: active control by a participant, direct control by the experimenter and remote control by the experimenter. In each trial, a participant drove the wheelchair until a sound signal occurred, after which they stopped the wheelchair and estimated the travelled distance. The subjective estimates were significantly greater when participants operated the wheelchair by themselves. This result contrasts with observations under static settings in previous studies. In an additional study on the electroencephalographic response to a sound presented at a random time after movement onset, the observed latencies in the N1 component implied that participants might have a higher sense of control when they drove the wheelchair. The proposed methodology might become useful to indirectly assess the degree of operator control of a vehicle, primarily in the field of rehabilitation technologies.
65.
Stroganova, T. A.; Komarov, K. S.; Goiaeva, D. E.; Obukhova, T. S.; Ovsiannikova, T. M.; Prokofyev, A. O.; Orekhova, E. V. (2022). Effects of the Periodicity and Vowelness of Sounds on Auditory Cortex Responses in Children. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 52(3), 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-022-01253-z
@article{Stroganova2022,
title = {Effects of the Periodicity and Vowelness of Sounds on Auditory Cortex Responses in Children},
author = {T. A. Stroganova and K. S. Komarov and D. E. Goiaeva and T. S. Obukhova and T. M. Ovsiannikova and A. O. Prokofyev and E. V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s11055-022-01253-z.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s11055-022-01253-z},
issn = {1573-899X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-06-07},
urldate = {2022-06-07},
journal = {Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {395-404},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {The mechanisms of the human brain decoding speech sounds are of fundamental and applied interest in many areas of neuroscience. This study addresses the roles of periodicity and the speech nature (fixed formant structure) of vowel sounds in modulating auditory cortex activity in typically developing children. We proposed that both of these characteristics are typical of the vowel sounds of speech and that they are processed by different neural networks in the auditory cortex. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a set of acoustic stimuli by manipulating their periodicity and vowelness separately and used magnetoencephalography combined with individual models of the cortical surface to evaluate the cortical topography of the sources of auditory cortex responses and their strengths. The cohort consisted of nine typically developing children aged 7–12 years. We found that early auditory cortex responses (50–150 msec after stimulus onset) were highly sensitive to both the periodicity and vowelness of sounds, with independent tuning of neural networks to each of these properties of speech sounds. Differences in the locations, time dynamics, and hemisphere asymmetry of these differential responses indicated that “sound vowelness zones” in the temporal cortex constitute the earliest level in the speech information processing hierarchy at which processing of the acoustic properties of a periodic signal is transformed into decoding of speech sounds. These results allow the specific features and roles of possible impairments to the processing of the low-level properties of speech sounds and difficulties in speech perception in children with pervasive developmental disorders to be evaluated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The mechanisms of the human brain decoding speech sounds are of fundamental and applied interest in many areas of neuroscience. This study addresses the roles of periodicity and the speech nature (fixed formant structure) of vowel sounds in modulating auditory cortex activity in typically developing children. We proposed that both of these characteristics are typical of the vowel sounds of speech and that they are processed by different neural networks in the auditory cortex. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a set of acoustic stimuli by manipulating their periodicity and vowelness separately and used magnetoencephalography combined with individual models of the cortical surface to evaluate the cortical topography of the sources of auditory cortex responses and their strengths. The cohort consisted of nine typically developing children aged 7–12 years. We found that early auditory cortex responses (50–150 msec after stimulus onset) were highly sensitive to both the periodicity and vowelness of sounds, with independent tuning of neural networks to each of these properties of speech sounds. Differences in the locations, time dynamics, and hemisphere asymmetry of these differential responses indicated that “sound vowelness zones” in the temporal cortex constitute the earliest level in the speech information processing hierarchy at which processing of the acoustic properties of a periodic signal is transformed into decoding of speech sounds. These results allow the specific features and roles of possible impairments to the processing of the low-level properties of speech sounds and difficulties in speech perception in children with pervasive developmental disorders to be evaluated.
64.
Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Galuta, Ilia A.; Goiaeva, Dzerassa E.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Altukhov, Dmitrii I.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2022). Globally elevated excitation–inhibition ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and below-average intelligence. Molecular Autism, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00498-2
@article{Manyukhina2022b,
title = {Globally elevated excitation–inhibition ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and below-average intelligence},
author = {Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Ilia A. Galuta and Dzerassa E. Goiaeva and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Justin F. Schneiderman and Dmitrii I. Altukhov and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_s13229-022-00498-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/s13229-022-00498-2},
issn = {2040-2392},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-12},
urldate = {2022-05-12},
journal = {Molecular Autism},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
Altered neuronal excitation–inhibition (E–I) balance is strongly implicated in ASD. However, it is not known whether the direction and degree of changes in the E–I ratio in individuals with ASD correlates with intellectual disability often associated with this developmental disorder. The spectral slope of the aperiodic 1/f activity reflects the E–I balance at the scale of large neuronal populations and may uncover its putative alternations in individuals with ASD with and without intellectual disability.
Methods
Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test whether the 1/f slope would differentiate ASD children with average and below–average (< 85) IQ. MEG was recorded at rest with eyes open/closed in 49 boys with ASD aged 6–15 years with IQ ranging from 54 to 128, and in 49 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys. The cortical source activity was estimated using the beamformer approach and individual brain models. We then extracted the 1/f slope by fitting a linear function to the log–log-scale power spectra in the high-frequency range.
Results
The global 1/f slope averaged over all cortical sources demonstrated high rank-order stability between the two conditions. Consistent with previous research, it was steeper in the eyes-closed than in the eyes-open condition and flattened with age. Regardless of condition, children with ASD and below-average IQ had flatter slopes than either TD or ASD children with average or above-average IQ. These group differences could not be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratio or periodic (alpha and beta) activity.
Limitations
Further research is needed to find out whether the observed changes in E–I ratios are characteristic of children with below-average IQ of other diagnostic groups.
Conclusions
The atypically flattened spectral slope of aperiodic activity in children with ASD and below-average IQ suggests a shift of the global E–I balance toward hyper-excitation. The spectral slope can provide an accessible noninvasive biomarker of the E–I ratio for making objective judgments about treatment effectiveness in people with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Altered neuronal excitation–inhibition (E–I) balance is strongly implicated in ASD. However, it is not known whether the direction and degree of changes in the E–I ratio in individuals with ASD correlates with intellectual disability often associated with this developmental disorder. The spectral slope of the aperiodic 1/f activity reflects the E–I balance at the scale of large neuronal populations and may uncover its putative alternations in individuals with ASD with and without intellectual disability.
Methods
Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test whether the 1/f slope would differentiate ASD children with average and below–average (< 85) IQ. MEG was recorded at rest with eyes open/closed in 49 boys with ASD aged 6–15 years with IQ ranging from 54 to 128, and in 49 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys. The cortical source activity was estimated using the beamformer approach and individual brain models. We then extracted the 1/f slope by fitting a linear function to the log–log-scale power spectra in the high-frequency range.
Results
The global 1/f slope averaged over all cortical sources demonstrated high rank-order stability between the two conditions. Consistent with previous research, it was steeper in the eyes-closed than in the eyes-open condition and flattened with age. Regardless of condition, children with ASD and below-average IQ had flatter slopes than either TD or ASD children with average or above-average IQ. These group differences could not be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratio or periodic (alpha and beta) activity.
Limitations
Further research is needed to find out whether the observed changes in E–I ratios are characteristic of children with below-average IQ of other diagnostic groups.
Conclusions
The atypically flattened spectral slope of aperiodic activity in children with ASD and below-average IQ suggests a shift of the global E–I balance toward hyper-excitation. The spectral slope can provide an accessible noninvasive biomarker of the E–I ratio for making objective judgments about treatment effectiveness in people with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability.
Altered neuronal excitation–inhibition (E–I) balance is strongly implicated in ASD. However, it is not known whether the direction and degree of changes in the E–I ratio in individuals with ASD correlates with intellectual disability often associated with this developmental disorder. The spectral slope of the aperiodic 1/f activity reflects the E–I balance at the scale of large neuronal populations and may uncover its putative alternations in individuals with ASD with and without intellectual disability.
Methods
Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test whether the 1/f slope would differentiate ASD children with average and below–average (< 85) IQ. MEG was recorded at rest with eyes open/closed in 49 boys with ASD aged 6–15 years with IQ ranging from 54 to 128, and in 49 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys. The cortical source activity was estimated using the beamformer approach and individual brain models. We then extracted the 1/f slope by fitting a linear function to the log–log-scale power spectra in the high-frequency range.
Results
The global 1/f slope averaged over all cortical sources demonstrated high rank-order stability between the two conditions. Consistent with previous research, it was steeper in the eyes-closed than in the eyes-open condition and flattened with age. Regardless of condition, children with ASD and below-average IQ had flatter slopes than either TD or ASD children with average or above-average IQ. These group differences could not be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratio or periodic (alpha and beta) activity.
Limitations
Further research is needed to find out whether the observed changes in E–I ratios are characteristic of children with below-average IQ of other diagnostic groups.
Conclusions
The atypically flattened spectral slope of aperiodic activity in children with ASD and below-average IQ suggests a shift of the global E–I balance toward hyper-excitation. The spectral slope can provide an accessible noninvasive biomarker of the E–I ratio for making objective judgments about treatment effectiveness in people with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability.
63.
Shishkin, Sergei L. (2022). Active Brain-Computer Interfacing for Healthy Users. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.859887
@article{Shishkin2022,
title = {Active Brain-Computer Interfacing for Healthy Users},
author = {Sergei L. Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fnins.2022.859887.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2022.859887},
issn = {1662-453X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-25},
urldate = {2022-04-25},
journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
volume = {16},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
62.
Kozunova, Galina L.; Sayfulina, Ksenia E.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Medvedev, Vladimir A.; Rytikova, Anna M.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Chernyshev, Boris V. (2022). Pupil dilation and response slowing distinguish deliberate explorative choices in the probabilistic learning task. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 22(5), 1108-1129. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-022-00996-z
@article{Kozunova2022b,
title = {Pupil dilation and response slowing distinguish deliberate explorative choices in the probabilistic learning task},
author = {Galina L. Kozunova and Ksenia E. Sayfulina and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Vladimir A. Medvedev and Anna M. Rytikova and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Boris V. Chernyshev},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3758_s13415-022-00996-z.pdf},
doi = {10.3758/s13415-022-00996-z},
issn = {1531-135X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-04-01},
urldate = {2022-04-01},
journal = {Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience },
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {1108-1129},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {This study examined whether pupil size and response time would distinguish directed exploration from random exploration and exploitation. Eighty-nine participants performed the two-choice probabilistic learning task while their pupil size and response time were continuously recorded. Using LMM analysis, we estimated differences in the pupil size and response time between the advantageous and disadvantageous choices as a function of learning success, i.e., whether or not a participant has learned the probabilistic contingency between choices and their outcomes. We proposed that before a true value of each choice became known to a decision-maker, both advantageous and disadvantageous choices represented a random exploration of the two options with an equally uncertain outcome, whereas the same choices after learning manifested exploitation and direct exploration strategies, respectively. We found that disadvantageous choices were associated with increases both in response time and pupil size, but only after the participants had learned the choice-reward contingencies. For the pupil size, this effect was strongly amplified for those disadvantageous choices that immediately followed gains as compared to losses in the preceding choice. Pupil size modulations were evident during the behavioral choice rather than during the pretrial baseline. These findings suggest that occasional disadvantageous choices, which violate the acquired internal utility model, represent directed exploration. This exploratory strategy shifts choice priorities in favor of information seeking and its autonomic and behavioral concomitants are mainly driven by the conflict between the behavioral plan of the intended exploratory choice and its strong alternative, which has already proven to be more rewarding.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study examined whether pupil size and response time would distinguish directed exploration from random exploration and exploitation. Eighty-nine participants performed the two-choice probabilistic learning task while their pupil size and response time were continuously recorded. Using LMM analysis, we estimated differences in the pupil size and response time between the advantageous and disadvantageous choices as a function of learning success, i.e., whether or not a participant has learned the probabilistic contingency between choices and their outcomes. We proposed that before a true value of each choice became known to a decision-maker, both advantageous and disadvantageous choices represented a random exploration of the two options with an equally uncertain outcome, whereas the same choices after learning manifested exploitation and direct exploration strategies, respectively. We found that disadvantageous choices were associated with increases both in response time and pupil size, but only after the participants had learned the choice-reward contingencies. For the pupil size, this effect was strongly amplified for those disadvantageous choices that immediately followed gains as compared to losses in the preceding choice. Pupil size modulations were evident during the behavioral choice rather than during the pretrial baseline. These findings suggest that occasional disadvantageous choices, which violate the acquired internal utility model, represent directed exploration. This exploratory strategy shifts choice priorities in favor of information seeking and its autonomic and behavioral concomitants are mainly driven by the conflict between the behavioral plan of the intended exploratory choice and its strong alternative, which has already proven to be more rewarding.
2021
61.
Яшин, А. С.; Дубынин, И. А. (2021). Интенциональное связывание как неявный показатель чувства агентности. Российский журнал когнитивной науки, 8(4), 11-36. https://doi.org/10.47010/21.4.2
@article{nokey,
title = {Интенциональное связывание как неявный показатель чувства агентности},
author = {Яшин, А.С. and Дубынин, И.А.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.47010_21.4.2.pdf},
doi = {10.47010/21.4.2},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-22},
urldate = {2021-12-22},
journal = {Российский журнал когнитивной науки},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {11-36},
abstract = {Интенциональным связыванием (ИС) называют эффект субъективного сближения во времени действия и результата этого действия. Данный эффект часто рассматривают как неявный показатель чувства агентности — осведомленности человека о его собственных действиях. В обзоре мы анализируем различные исследования ИС, проверяющие наличие корреляции между эффектом и чувством агентности. Мы учитываем некоторые важные различия между экспериментальными методиками — например, разные способы измерения ИС. В обзоре рассматривается возникновение ИС при выполнении совместных действий, а также влияние на эффект таких факторов, как задержка между действием и сигналом, модальность сигнала, валентность результата действия и т.д. Мы приходим к выводу, что ИС по-разному проявляет себя в зависимости от способа измерения, то есть его единство как эффекта вызывает сомнения. На ИС оказывают влияние как низкоуровневые, так и высокоуровневые процессы, которые взаимодействуют между собой и в разной степени модулируют силу эффекта. По-видимому, эффект отражает не только наличие чувства агентности, но и предсказуемость событий в эксперименте, а также возникновение репрезентации движения у испытуемого. При этом источником неоднозначностей в исследованиях служит большая разница в представлениях авторов работ о чувстве агентности, что отражается на интерпретации результатов. В конце обзора мы формулируем рекомендации для проведения экспериментов по изучению эффекта, призванные учесть методические недочеты существующих исследований. Также мы указываем на наиболее перспективные направления в исследованиях ИС и предъявляем концептуальные трудности, с которыми сталкиваются интерпретации экспериментальных результатов.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Интенциональным связыванием (ИС) называют эффект субъективного сближения во времени действия и результата этого действия. Данный эффект часто рассматривают как неявный показатель чувства агентности — осведомленности человека о его собственных действиях. В обзоре мы анализируем различные исследования ИС, проверяющие наличие корреляции между эффектом и чувством агентности. Мы учитываем некоторые важные различия между экспериментальными методиками — например, разные способы измерения ИС. В обзоре рассматривается возникновение ИС при выполнении совместных действий, а также влияние на эффект таких факторов, как задержка между действием и сигналом, модальность сигнала, валентность результата действия и т.д. Мы приходим к выводу, что ИС по-разному проявляет себя в зависимости от способа измерения, то есть его единство как эффекта вызывает сомнения. На ИС оказывают влияние как низкоуровневые, так и высокоуровневые процессы, которые взаимодействуют между собой и в разной степени модулируют силу эффекта. По-видимому, эффект отражает не только наличие чувства агентности, но и предсказуемость событий в эксперименте, а также возникновение репрезентации движения у испытуемого. При этом источником неоднозначностей в исследованиях служит большая разница в представлениях авторов работ о чувстве агентности, что отражается на интерпретации результатов. В конце обзора мы формулируем рекомендации для проведения экспериментов по изучению эффекта, призванные учесть методические недочеты существующих исследований. Также мы указываем на наиболее перспективные направления в исследованиях ИС и предъявляем концептуальные трудности, с которыми сталкиваются интерпретации экспериментальных результатов.
60.
Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Rostovtseva, Ekaterina N.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2021). Visual gamma oscillations predict sensory sensitivity in females as they do in males. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 12013. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91381-2
@article{Manyukhina2021,
title = {Visual gamma oscillations predict sensory sensitivity in females as they do in males},
author = {Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Ekaterina N. Rostovtseva and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1038_s41598-021-91381-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-91381-2},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-00},
urldate = {2021-12-00},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {12013},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Gamma oscillations are driven by local cortical excitatory (E)–inhibitory (I) loops and may help to characterize neural processing involving excitatory-inhibitory interactions. In the visual cortex reliable gamma oscillations can be recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the majority of individuals, which makes visual gamma an attractive candidate for biomarkers of brain disorders associated with E/I imbalance. Little is known, however, about if/how these oscillations reflect individual differences in neural excitability and associated sensory/perceptual phenomena. The power of visual gamma response (GR) changes nonlinearly with increasing stimulation intensity: it increases with transition from static to slowly drifting high-contrast grating and then attenuates with further increase in the drift rate. In a recent MEG study we found that the GR attenuation predicted sensitivity to sensory stimuli in everyday life in neurotypical adult men and in men with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we replicated these results in neurotypical female participants. The GR enhancement with transition from static to slowly drifting grating did not correlate significantly with the sensory sensitivity measures. These findings suggest that weak velocity-related attenuation of the GR is a reliable neural concomitant of visual hypersensitivity and that the degree of GR attenuation may provide useful information about E/I balance in the visual cortex.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gamma oscillations are driven by local cortical excitatory (E)–inhibitory (I) loops and may help to characterize neural processing involving excitatory-inhibitory interactions. In the visual cortex reliable gamma oscillations can be recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the majority of individuals, which makes visual gamma an attractive candidate for biomarkers of brain disorders associated with E/I imbalance. Little is known, however, about if/how these oscillations reflect individual differences in neural excitability and associated sensory/perceptual phenomena. The power of visual gamma response (GR) changes nonlinearly with increasing stimulation intensity: it increases with transition from static to slowly drifting high-contrast grating and then attenuates with further increase in the drift rate. In a recent MEG study we found that the GR attenuation predicted sensitivity to sensory stimuli in everyday life in neurotypical adult men and in men with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we replicated these results in neurotypical female participants. The GR enhancement with transition from static to slowly drifting grating did not correlate significantly with the sensory sensitivity measures. These findings suggest that weak velocity-related attenuation of the GR is a reliable neural concomitant of visual hypersensitivity and that the degree of GR attenuation may provide useful information about E/I balance in the visual cortex.
59.
Vasilyev, Anatoly N.; Nuzhdin, Yury O.; Kaplan, Alexander Y. (2021). Does Real-Time Feedback Affect Sensorimotor EEG Patterns in Routine Motor Imagery Practice? Brain Sciences, 11(9), 1234. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091234
@article{Vasilyev2021,
title = {Does Real-Time Feedback Affect Sensorimotor EEG Patterns in Routine Motor Imagery Practice?},
author = {Anatoly N. Vasilyev and Yury O. Nuzhdin and Alexander Y. Kaplan},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_brainsci11091234.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/brainsci11091234},
issn = {2076-3425},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-18},
urldate = {2021-09-18},
journal = {Brain Sciences},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {1234},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Background. Motor imagery engages much of the same neural circuits as an overt movement. Therefore, the mental rehearsal of movements is often used to supplement physical training and might aid motor neurorehabilitation after stroke. One attempt to capture the brain’s involvement in imagery involves the use, as a marker, of the depression or event-related desynchronization (ERD) of thalamocortical sensorimotor rhythms found in a human electroencephalogram (EEG). Using fast real-time processing, it is possible to make the subject aware of their own brain reactions or—even better—to turn them into actions through a technology called the brain–computer interface (BCI). However, it remains unclear whether BCI-enabled imagery facilitates a stronger or qualitatively different brain response compared to the open-loop training. Methods. Seven healthy volunteers who were experienced in both closed and open-loop motor imagery took part in six experimental sessions over a period of 4.5 months, in which they performed kinesthetic imagery of a previously known set of finger and arm movements with simultaneous 30-channel EEG acquisition. The first and the last session mostly consisted of feedback trials in which the subjects were presented with the classification results of the EEG patterns in real time; during the other sessions, no feedback was provided. Spatiotemporal and amplitude features of the ERD patterns concomitant with imagery were compared across experimental days and between feedback conditions using linear mixed-effects modeling. Results. The main spatial sources of ERD appeared to be highly stable across the six experimental days, remaining nearly identical in five of seven subjects (Pearson’s ρ > 0.94). Only in one subject did the spatial pattern of activation statistically significantly differ (p = 0.009) between the feedback and no-feedback conditions. Real-time visual feedback delivered through the BCI did not significantly increase the ERD strength. Conclusion. The results imply that the potential benefits of MI could be yielded by well-habituated subjects with a simplified open-loop setup, e.g., through at-home self-practice.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background. Motor imagery engages much of the same neural circuits as an overt movement. Therefore, the mental rehearsal of movements is often used to supplement physical training and might aid motor neurorehabilitation after stroke. One attempt to capture the brain’s involvement in imagery involves the use, as a marker, of the depression or event-related desynchronization (ERD) of thalamocortical sensorimotor rhythms found in a human electroencephalogram (EEG). Using fast real-time processing, it is possible to make the subject aware of their own brain reactions or—even better—to turn them into actions through a technology called the brain–computer interface (BCI). However, it remains unclear whether BCI-enabled imagery facilitates a stronger or qualitatively different brain response compared to the open-loop training. Methods. Seven healthy volunteers who were experienced in both closed and open-loop motor imagery took part in six experimental sessions over a period of 4.5 months, in which they performed kinesthetic imagery of a previously known set of finger and arm movements with simultaneous 30-channel EEG acquisition. The first and the last session mostly consisted of feedback trials in which the subjects were presented with the classification results of the EEG patterns in real time; during the other sessions, no feedback was provided. Spatiotemporal and amplitude features of the ERD patterns concomitant with imagery were compared across experimental days and between feedback conditions using linear mixed-effects modeling. Results. The main spatial sources of ERD appeared to be highly stable across the six experimental days, remaining nearly identical in five of seven subjects (Pearson’s ρ > 0.94). Only in one subject did the spatial pattern of activation statistically significantly differ (p = 0.009) between the feedback and no-feedback conditions. Real-time visual feedback delivered through the BCI did not significantly increase the ERD strength. Conclusion. The results imply that the potential benefits of MI could be yielded by well-habituated subjects with a simplified open-loop setup, e.g., through at-home self-practice.
58.
Smirnov, Kirill; Stroganova, Tatiana; Molholm, Sophie; Sysoeva, Olga (2021). Reviewing Evidence for the Relationship of EEG Abnormalities and RTT Phenotype Paralleled by Insights from Animal Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(10), 5308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105308
@article{Smirnov2021,
title = {Reviewing Evidence for the Relationship of EEG Abnormalities and RTT Phenotype Paralleled by Insights from Animal Studies},
author = {Kirill Smirnov and Tatiana Stroganova and Sophie Molholm and Olga Sysoeva},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_ijms22105308.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/ijms22105308},
issn = {1422-0067},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-18},
urldate = {2021-05-18},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {10},
pages = {5308},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that is usually caused by mutations of the MECP2 gene. Patients with RTT suffer from severe deficits in motor, perceptual and cognitive domains. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has provided useful information to clinicians and scientists, from the very first descriptions of RTT, and yet no reliable neurophysiological biomarkers related to the pathophysiology of the disorder or symptom severity have been identified to date. To identify consistently observed and potentially informative EEG characteristics of RTT pathophysiology, and ascertain areas most worthy of further systematic investigation, here we review the literature for EEG abnormalities reported in patients with RTT and in its disease models. While pointing to some promising potential EEG biomarkers of RTT, our review identify areas of need to realize the potential of EEG including (1) quantitative investigation of promising clinical-EEG observations in RTT, e.g., shift of mu rhythm frequency and EEG during sleep; (2) closer alignment of approaches between patients with RTT and its animal models to strengthen the translational significance of the work (e.g., EEG measurements and behavioral states); (3) establishment of large-scale consortium research, to provide adequate Ns to investigate age and genotype effects.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that is usually caused by mutations of the MECP2 gene. Patients with RTT suffer from severe deficits in motor, perceptual and cognitive domains. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has provided useful information to clinicians and scientists, from the very first descriptions of RTT, and yet no reliable neurophysiological biomarkers related to the pathophysiology of the disorder or symptom severity have been identified to date. To identify consistently observed and potentially informative EEG characteristics of RTT pathophysiology, and ascertain areas most worthy of further systematic investigation, here we review the literature for EEG abnormalities reported in patients with RTT and in its disease models. While pointing to some promising potential EEG biomarkers of RTT, our review identify areas of need to realize the potential of EEG including (1) quantitative investigation of promising clinical-EEG observations in RTT, e.g., shift of mu rhythm frequency and EEG during sleep; (2) closer alignment of approaches between patients with RTT and its animal models to strengthen the translational significance of the work (e.g., EEG measurements and behavioral states); (3) establishment of large-scale consortium research, to provide adequate Ns to investigate age and genotype effects.
57.
Сыров, Н. В.; Васильев, А. Н.; Соловьева, А. А.; Каплан, А. Я. (2021). Влияние зеркальной иллюзии на сенсомоторные ритмы ЭЭГ при произвольном и непроизвольном движении пальцев руки. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова, 71(6), 858-872. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0044467721060101
@article{Сыров2021,
title = {Влияние зеркальной иллюзии на сенсомоторные ритмы ЭЭГ при произвольном и непроизвольном движении пальцев руки},
author = {Н. В. Сыров and А. Н. Васильев and А. А. Соловьева and А. Я. Каплан},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.31857_s0044467721060101.pdf},
doi = {10.31857/s0044467721060101},
issn = {0044-4677},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-21},
urldate = {2021-04-21},
journal = {Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова},
volume = {71},
number = {6},
pages = {858-872},
publisher = {Российская академия наук},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
56.
Dubynin, Ignat A.; Yashin, Artem S.; Velichkovsky, Boris M.; Shishkin, Sergei L. (2021). An experimental paradigm for studying sense of agency in joint human–machine motor actions. Experimental Brain Research, 239(6), 1951-1961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06105-9
@article{Dubynin2021,
title = {An experimental paradigm for studying sense of agency in joint human–machine motor actions},
author = {Ignat A. Dubynin and Artem S. Yashin and Boris M. Velichkovsky and Sergei L. Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s00221-021-06105-9.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-021-06105-9},
issn = {1432-1106},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-21},
urldate = {2021-04-21},
journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
volume = {239},
number = {6},
pages = {1951-1961},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {In this paper, we propose an experimental technique for studying the sense of agency (SoA) in joint human–machine actions. This technique is based on the use of an electromechanical finger-lifting device that enables a joint motor action initiated by a participant and completed by the machine. The joint action, later referred to as an “active–passive” action, was implemented as a reaction time task and contrasted with other levels of participant’s involvement, including active movement, passive movement, and observation of a dummy’s movement. In each trial, a feedback sound signal informed the participant whether they had performed the task successfully, i.e. faster than a threshold, which was individually adjusted in the beginning of the experiment. In the active condition, the result depended on the participant, while in other conditions it was preprogrammed for the servo. In context of this task, we studied direct time estimates made by participants and auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in 20 healthy volunteers. The amplitude of the auditory N1 component in the responses to the feedback sound showed no significant effect of activity and success factors, while its latency was shorter in successful trials. Interaction of activity and success factors was significant for subjective time estimates. Surprisingly, the intentional binding effect (subjective compression of time intervals, which is known as a correlate of SoA) only emerged in trials of active condition with negative results. This observation was in contrast with the fact that the active and active–passive movements were both voluntarily initiated by the participant. We believe that studying SoA with the proposed technique may not only add to the understanding of agency but also provide practically relevant results for the development of human–machine systems such as exoskeletons.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we propose an experimental technique for studying the sense of agency (SoA) in joint human–machine actions. This technique is based on the use of an electromechanical finger-lifting device that enables a joint motor action initiated by a participant and completed by the machine. The joint action, later referred to as an “active–passive” action, was implemented as a reaction time task and contrasted with other levels of participant’s involvement, including active movement, passive movement, and observation of a dummy’s movement. In each trial, a feedback sound signal informed the participant whether they had performed the task successfully, i.e. faster than a threshold, which was individually adjusted in the beginning of the experiment. In the active condition, the result depended on the participant, while in other conditions it was preprogrammed for the servo. In context of this task, we studied direct time estimates made by participants and auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in 20 healthy volunteers. The amplitude of the auditory N1 component in the responses to the feedback sound showed no significant effect of activity and success factors, while its latency was shorter in successful trials. Interaction of activity and success factors was significant for subjective time estimates. Surprisingly, the intentional binding effect (subjective compression of time intervals, which is known as a correlate of SoA) only emerged in trials of active condition with negative results. This observation was in contrast with the fact that the active and active–passive movements were both voluntarily initiated by the participant. We believe that studying SoA with the proposed technique may not only add to the understanding of agency but also provide practically relevant results for the development of human–machine systems such as exoskeletons.
55.
Zhao, Darisy G; Vasilyev, Anatoly N; Kozyrskiy, Bogdan L; Melnichuk, Eugeny V; Isachenko, Andrey V; Velichkovsky, Boris M; Shishkin, Sergei L (2021). A passive BCI for monitoring the intentionality of the gaze-based moving object selection. Journal of Neural Engineering, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/abda09
@article{Zhao2021,
title = {A passive BCI for monitoring the intentionality of the gaze-based moving object selection},
author = {Darisy G Zhao and Anatoly N Vasilyev and Bogdan L Kozyrskiy and Eugeny V Melnichuk and Andrey V Isachenko and Boris M Velichkovsky and Sergei L Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1088_1741-2552_abda09.pdf},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/abda09},
issn = {1741-2552},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-04},
urldate = {2021-03-04},
journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
abstract = {Objective. The use of an electroencephalogram (EEG) anticipation-related component, the expectancy wave (E-wave), in brain–machine interaction was proposed more than 50 years ago. This possibility was not explored for decades, but recently it was shown that voluntary attempts to select items using eye fixations, but not spontaneous eye fixations, are accompanied by the E-wave. Thus, the use of the E-wave detection was proposed for the enhancement of gaze interaction technology, which has a strong need for a mean to decide if a gaze behavior is voluntary or not. Here, we attempted at estimating whether this approach can be used in the context of moving object selection through smooth pursuit eye movements. Approach. Eighteen participants selected, one by one, items which moved on a computer screen, by gazing at them. In separate runs, the participants performed tasks not related to voluntary selection but also provoking smooth pursuit. A low-cost consumer-grade eye tracker was used for item selection. Main results. A component resembling the E-wave was found in the averaged EEG segments time-locked to voluntary selection events of every participant. Linear discriminant analysis with shrinkage regularization classified the intentional and spontaneous smooth pursuit eye movements, using single-trial 300 ms long EEG segments, significantly above chance in eight participants. When the classifier output was averaged over ten subsequent data segments, median group ROC AUC of 0.75 was achieved. Significance. The results suggest the possible usefulness of the E-wave detection in the gaze-based selection of moving items, e.g. in video games. This technique might be more effective when trial data can be averaged, thus it could be considered for use in passive interfaces, for example, in estimating the degree of the user's involvement during gaze-based interaction.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective. The use of an electroencephalogram (EEG) anticipation-related component, the expectancy wave (E-wave), in brain–machine interaction was proposed more than 50 years ago. This possibility was not explored for decades, but recently it was shown that voluntary attempts to select items using eye fixations, but not spontaneous eye fixations, are accompanied by the E-wave. Thus, the use of the E-wave detection was proposed for the enhancement of gaze interaction technology, which has a strong need for a mean to decide if a gaze behavior is voluntary or not. Here, we attempted at estimating whether this approach can be used in the context of moving object selection through smooth pursuit eye movements. Approach. Eighteen participants selected, one by one, items which moved on a computer screen, by gazing at them. In separate runs, the participants performed tasks not related to voluntary selection but also provoking smooth pursuit. A low-cost consumer-grade eye tracker was used for item selection. Main results. A component resembling the E-wave was found in the averaged EEG segments time-locked to voluntary selection events of every participant. Linear discriminant analysis with shrinkage regularization classified the intentional and spontaneous smooth pursuit eye movements, using single-trial 300 ms long EEG segments, significantly above chance in eight participants. When the classifier output was averaged over ten subsequent data segments, median group ROC AUC of 0.75 was achieved. Significance. The results suggest the possible usefulness of the E-wave detection in the gaze-based selection of moving items, e.g. in video games. This technique might be more effective when trial data can be averaged, thus it could be considered for use in passive interfaces, for example, in estimating the degree of the user's involvement during gaze-based interaction.
54.
Ovchinnikova, Anastasia O.; Vasilyev, Anatoly N.; Zubarev, Ivan P.; Kozyrskiy, Bogdan L.; Shishkin, Sergei L. (2021). MEG-Based Detection of Voluntary Eye Fixations Used to Control a Computer. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 619591. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.619591
@article{Ovchinnikova2021,
title = {MEG-Based Detection of Voluntary Eye Fixations Used to Control a Computer},
author = {Anastasia O. Ovchinnikova and Anatoly N. Vasilyev and Ivan P. Zubarev and Bogdan L. Kozyrskiy and Sergei L. Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fnins.2021.619591.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2021.619591},
issn = {1662-453X},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-05},
urldate = {2021-02-05},
journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
volume = {15},
pages = {619591},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {Gaze-based input is an efficient way of hand-free human-computer interaction. However, it suffers from the inability of gaze-based interfaces to discriminate voluntary and spontaneous gaze behaviors, which are overtly similar. Here, we demonstrate that voluntary eye fixations can be discriminated from spontaneous ones using short segments of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data measured immediately after the fixation onset. Recently proposed convolutional neural networks (CNNs), linear finite impulse response filters CNN (LF-CNN) and vector autoregressive CNN (VAR-CNN), were applied for binary classification of the MEG signals related to spontaneous and voluntary eye fixations collected in healthy participants (n = 25) who performed a game-like task by fixating on targets voluntarily for 500 ms or longer. Voluntary fixations were identified as those followed by a fixation in a special confirmatory area. Spontaneous vs. voluntary fixation-related single-trial 700 ms MEG segments were non-randomly classified in the majority of participants, with the group average cross-validated ROC AUC of 0.66 ± 0.07 for LF-CNN and 0.67 ± 0.07 for VAR-CNN (M ± SD). When the time interval, from which the MEG data were taken, was extended beyond the onset of the visual feedback, the group average classification performance increased up to 0.91. Analysis of spatial patterns contributing to classification did not reveal signs of significant eye movement impact on the classification results. We conclude that the classification of MEG signals has a certain potential to support gaze-based interfaces by avoiding false responses to spontaneous eye fixations on a single-trial basis. Current results for intention detection prior to gaze-based interface’s feedback, however, are not sufficient for online single-trial eye fixation classification using MEG data alone, and further work is needed to find out if it could be used in practical applications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gaze-based input is an efficient way of hand-free human-computer interaction. However, it suffers from the inability of gaze-based interfaces to discriminate voluntary and spontaneous gaze behaviors, which are overtly similar. Here, we demonstrate that voluntary eye fixations can be discriminated from spontaneous ones using short segments of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data measured immediately after the fixation onset. Recently proposed convolutional neural networks (CNNs), linear finite impulse response filters CNN (LF-CNN) and vector autoregressive CNN (VAR-CNN), were applied for binary classification of the MEG signals related to spontaneous and voluntary eye fixations collected in healthy participants (n = 25) who performed a game-like task by fixating on targets voluntarily for 500 ms or longer. Voluntary fixations were identified as those followed by a fixation in a special confirmatory area. Spontaneous vs. voluntary fixation-related single-trial 700 ms MEG segments were non-randomly classified in the majority of participants, with the group average cross-validated ROC AUC of 0.66 ± 0.07 for LF-CNN and 0.67 ± 0.07 for VAR-CNN (M ± SD). When the time interval, from which the MEG data were taken, was extended beyond the onset of the visual feedback, the group average classification performance increased up to 0.91. Analysis of spatial patterns contributing to classification did not reveal signs of significant eye movement impact on the classification results. We conclude that the classification of MEG signals has a certain potential to support gaze-based interfaces by avoiding false responses to spontaneous eye fixations on a single-trial basis. Current results for intention detection prior to gaze-based interface’s feedback, however, are not sufficient for online single-trial eye fixation classification using MEG data alone, and further work is needed to find out if it could be used in practical applications.
53.
Miasnikova, A. S.; Tretyakova, V. D.; Sayfulina, K. E.; Kozunova, G. L.; Rytikova, A. M.; Chernyshev, B. V. (2021). Beta-band power predicts exploratory choices in probabilistic environment. Opera Medica et Physiologica, 8(3), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.24412/2500-2295-2021-3-59-64
@article{nokey,
title = { Beta-band power predicts exploratory choices in probabilistic environment},
author = {Miasnikova, A.S. and Tretyakova, V.D. and Sayfulina, K.E. and Kozunova, G.L. and Rytikova, A.M. and Chernyshev, B.V.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.24412_2500-2295-2021-3-59-64.pdf},
doi = {10.24412/2500-2295-2021-3-59-64},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-00},
urldate = {2021-01-00},
journal = {Opera Medica et Physiologica},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {59-64},
abstract = {In probabilistic conditions, people choose low-payoff alternatives on some trials, thus failing to maximize their payoffs. We suggest that such behavior implicates exploration of task rules by choosing risky options instead of exploiting more rewarding alternatives. We hypothesized that exploration would affect brain responses to feedback. Further, a shift to exploration develops gradually and, therefore, a decision to make an exploratory choice may be observed on trials preceding risky choices. We investigated beta power (16–30 Hz) in the magnetoencephalographic data from 62 healthy participants performing a two-choice probabilistic gambling with monetary gains and losses. The effects were found at 600–800 ms after feedback onset in frontal, central and occipital brain regions. On trials preceding risky choices we identified a decrease in beta power which implies a change in decision-making strategy and a shift towards cognitive flexibility and exploration. An increase in beta power during risky decisions indicates that reward learning mechanisms are implicated. Increases in beta power following losses in risky choices indicates at the process of updating the internal representation of the task. In summary, current findings reveal that the outcomes of exploratory trials are processed differentially, while there is no evidence of such processing on exploitatory trials. This corroborates the hypothesis that exploratory choices represent active probing into the surmised task rules. Current findings also suggest that the processing of outcomes preceding the exploratory trials is altered in such a way that subjects override their intention to use the utility model and reset their behavioral strategy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In probabilistic conditions, people choose low-payoff alternatives on some trials, thus failing to maximize their payoffs. We suggest that such behavior implicates exploration of task rules by choosing risky options instead of exploiting more rewarding alternatives. We hypothesized that exploration would affect brain responses to feedback. Further, a shift to exploration develops gradually and, therefore, a decision to make an exploratory choice may be observed on trials preceding risky choices. We investigated beta power (16–30 Hz) in the magnetoencephalographic data from 62 healthy participants performing a two-choice probabilistic gambling with monetary gains and losses. The effects were found at 600–800 ms after feedback onset in frontal, central and occipital brain regions. On trials preceding risky choices we identified a decrease in beta power which implies a change in decision-making strategy and a shift towards cognitive flexibility and exploration. An increase in beta power during risky decisions indicates that reward learning mechanisms are implicated. Increases in beta power following losses in risky choices indicates at the process of updating the internal representation of the task. In summary, current findings reveal that the outcomes of exploratory trials are processed differentially, while there is no evidence of such processing on exploitatory trials. This corroborates the hypothesis that exploratory choices represent active probing into the surmised task rules. Current findings also suggest that the processing of outcomes preceding the exploratory trials is altered in such a way that subjects override their intention to use the utility model and reset their behavioral strategy.
52.
Dubynin, Ignat; Yashin, Artem; Velichkovsky, Boris M. (2021). Designing Sense of Agency Experiments to Study Joint Human-Machine Grasping Actions. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing. 720-728. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71637-0_83
@inbook{Dubynin2021b,
title = {Designing Sense of Agency Experiments to Study Joint Human-Machine Grasping Actions},
author = {Ignat Dubynin and Artem Yashin and Boris M. Velichkovsky},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-71637-0_83},
isbn = {9783030716370},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
booktitle = {Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
pages = {720-728},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
abstract = {In this paper, we present a novel experimental design for studying sense of agency (SoA) in joint human-machine actions than involved grasping movements. The joint actions were implemented by using an electromechanical grasping device propelled by a servo drive. The device completed a grasping action initiated by a participant. These actions were contrasted with other levels of the participant’s involvement, including active movements, passive movement and observation of a dummy’s movement. Our experimental setup allows us for studying the possible correlation between the level of involvement into action and quantitative distance estimates. The proposed experimental design was tested in a pilot study involving 9 heathy volunteers. In particular, the survey results showed a significant correspondence between the score of reported SoA and participant’s role in action. We suppose that our new design for studying joint actions will contribute to the development of exoskeletons, rehabilitation technologies and advanced human-machine systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
In this paper, we present a novel experimental design for studying sense of agency (SoA) in joint human-machine actions than involved grasping movements. The joint actions were implemented by using an electromechanical grasping device propelled by a servo drive. The device completed a grasping action initiated by a participant. These actions were contrasted with other levels of the participant’s involvement, including active movements, passive movement and observation of a dummy’s movement. Our experimental setup allows us for studying the possible correlation between the level of involvement into action and quantitative distance estimates. The proposed experimental design was tested in a pilot study involving 9 heathy volunteers. In particular, the survey results showed a significant correspondence between the score of reported SoA and participant’s role in action. We suppose that our new design for studying joint actions will contribute to the development of exoskeletons, rehabilitation technologies and advanced human-machine systems.
2020
51.
Stroganova, T. A.; Komarov, K. S.; Sysoeva, O. V.; Goiaeva, D. E.; Obukhova, T. S.; Ovsiannikova, T. M.; Prokofyev, A. O.; Orekhova, E. V. (2020). Left hemispheric deficit in the sustained neuromagnetic response to periodic click trains in children with ASD. Molecular Autism, 11, 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00408-4
@article{Stroganova2020,
title = {Left hemispheric deficit in the sustained neuromagnetic response to periodic click trains in children with ASD},
author = {T. A. Stroganova and K. S. Komarov and O. V. Sysoeva and D. E. Goiaeva and T. S. Obukhova and T. M. Ovsiannikova and A. O. Prokofyev and E. V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_s13229-020-00408-4.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/s13229-020-00408-4},
issn = {2040-2392},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-31},
urldate = {2020-12-31},
journal = {Molecular Autism},
volume = {11},
pages = {100},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.
Methods
We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N = 35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N = 35) aged 7–12-years.
Results
In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.
Limitations
We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.
Conclusion
Children with ASD demonstrate atypical processing of spectrally complex periodic sound at the level of the core auditory cortex of the left-hemisphere. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.
Methods
We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N = 35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N = 35) aged 7–12-years.
Results
In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.
Limitations
We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.
Conclusion
Children with ASD demonstrate atypical processing of spectrally complex periodic sound at the level of the core auditory cortex of the left-hemisphere. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.
Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.
Methods
We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N = 35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N = 35) aged 7–12-years.
Results
In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.
Limitations
We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.
Conclusion
Children with ASD demonstrate atypical processing of spectrally complex periodic sound at the level of the core auditory cortex of the left-hemisphere. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.
50.
Строганова, Т. А.; Комаров, К. С.; Гояева, Д. Э.; Обухова, Т. С.; Овсянникова, Т. М.; Прокофьев, А. О.; Орехова, Е. В. (2020). Влияние периодичности и гласности звука на ответы слуховой коры мозга детей. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова, 71(4), 563-577. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0044467721040109
@article{nokey,
title = {Влияние периодичности и гласности звука на ответы слуховой коры мозга детей},
author = {Строганова, Т.А. and Комаров, К.С. and Гояева, Д.Э. and Обухова, Т.С. and Овсянникова, Т.М. and Прокофьев, А.О. and Орехова, Е.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.31857_S0044467721040109.pdf},
doi = {10.31857/S0044467721040109},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-22},
urldate = {2020-12-22},
journal = {Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова},
volume = {71},
number = {4},
pages = {563-577},
publisher = {Российская академия наук},
abstract = {Механизмы мозга человека, направленные на декодирование звуков речи, представляют как фундаментальный, так и практический интерес для многих областей нейронауки. Настоящая работа посвящена роли периодичности и речевой природы (фиксированной формантной структуры) гласных звуков в модуляции активности слуховой коры мозга у типично развивающихся детей. Мы предположили, что, хотя обе этих характеристики свойственны гласным звукам речи, их обработка осуществляется разными нейронными сетями слуховой коры. Для проверки этой гипотезы мы сконструировали набор акустических стимулов, манипулируя их периодичностью и гласностью по отдельности, и использовали магнитоэнцефалографию в сочетании с индивидуальными моделями поверхности коры мозга для оценки кортикальной топографии источников и силы ответов слуховой коры мозга. Выборку составили девять типично развивающихся детей в возрасте 7–12 лет. Мы обнаружили высокую чувствительность ранних ответов слуховой коры (50–150 мс после начала стимула) как к периодичности, так и к гласности звука, при независимой настройке нейронных сетей на каждое из этих свойств звуков речи. Различия в локализации, временной динамике и полушарной асимметрии этих дифференциальных ответов указывали на то, что “зоны гласности звука” в височной коре являются наиболее ранним уровнем в иерархии обработки речевой информации, на котором обработка собственно акустических свойств периодического звука трансформируется в декодирование звуков речи. Полученные результаты позволят оценить специфику и роль возможных нарушений обработки низкоуровневых свойств речевых звуков в трудностях восприятия речи у детей с первазивными расстройствами развития.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Механизмы мозга человека, направленные на декодирование звуков речи, представляют как фундаментальный, так и практический интерес для многих областей нейронауки. Настоящая работа посвящена роли периодичности и речевой природы (фиксированной формантной структуры) гласных звуков в модуляции активности слуховой коры мозга у типично развивающихся детей. Мы предположили, что, хотя обе этих характеристики свойственны гласным звукам речи, их обработка осуществляется разными нейронными сетями слуховой коры. Для проверки этой гипотезы мы сконструировали набор акустических стимулов, манипулируя их периодичностью и гласностью по отдельности, и использовали магнитоэнцефалографию в сочетании с индивидуальными моделями поверхности коры мозга для оценки кортикальной топографии источников и силы ответов слуховой коры мозга. Выборку составили девять типично развивающихся детей в возрасте 7–12 лет. Мы обнаружили высокую чувствительность ранних ответов слуховой коры (50–150 мс после начала стимула) как к периодичности, так и к гласности звука, при независимой настройке нейронных сетей на каждое из этих свойств звуков речи. Различия в локализации, временной динамике и полушарной асимметрии этих дифференциальных ответов указывали на то, что “зоны гласности звука” в височной коре являются наиболее ранним уровнем в иерархии обработки речевой информации, на котором обработка собственно акустических свойств периодического звука трансформируется в декодирование звуков речи. Полученные результаты позволят оценить специфику и роль возможных нарушений обработки низкоуровневых свойств речевых звуков в трудностях восприятия речи у детей с первазивными расстройствами развития.
49.
Zhao, Darisy G.; Karikov, Nikita D.; Melnichuk, Eugeny V.; Velichkovsky, Boris M.; Shishkin, Sergei L. (2020). Voice as a Mouse Click: Usability and Effectiveness of Simplified Hands-Free Gaze-Voice Selection. Applied Sciences, 10(24), 8791. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248791
@article{Zhao2020,
title = {Voice as a Mouse Click: Usability and Effectiveness of Simplified Hands-Free Gaze-Voice Selection},
author = {Darisy G. Zhao and Nikita D. Karikov and Eugeny V. Melnichuk and Boris M. Velichkovsky and Sergei L. Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_app10248791.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/app10248791},
issn = {2076-3417},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-09},
urldate = {2020-12-09},
journal = {Applied Sciences},
volume = {10},
number = {24},
pages = {8791},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Voice- and gaze-based hands-free input are increasingly used in human-machine interaction. Attempts to combine them into a hybrid technology typically employ the voice channel as an information-rich channel. Voice seems to be “overqualified” to serve simply as a substitute of a computer mouse click, to confirm selections made by gaze. It could be expected that the user would feel discomfort if they had to frequently make “clicks” using their voice, or easily get bored, which also could lead to low performance. To test this, we asked 23 healthy participants to select moving objects with smooth pursuit eye movements. Manual confirmation of selection was faster and rated as more convenient than voice-based confirmation. However, the difference was not high, especially when voice was used to pronounce objects’ numbers (speech recognition was not applied): Score of convenience (M ± SD) was 9.2 ± 1.1 for manual and 8.0 ± 2.1 for voice confirmation, and time spent per object was 1269 ± 265 ms and 1626 ± 331 ms, respectively. We conclude that “voice-as-click” can be used to confirm selection in gaze-based interaction with computers as a substitute for the computer mouse click when manual confirmation cannot be used.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Voice- and gaze-based hands-free input are increasingly used in human-machine interaction. Attempts to combine them into a hybrid technology typically employ the voice channel as an information-rich channel. Voice seems to be “overqualified” to serve simply as a substitute of a computer mouse click, to confirm selections made by gaze. It could be expected that the user would feel discomfort if they had to frequently make “clicks” using their voice, or easily get bored, which also could lead to low performance. To test this, we asked 23 healthy participants to select moving objects with smooth pursuit eye movements. Manual confirmation of selection was faster and rated as more convenient than voice-based confirmation. However, the difference was not high, especially when voice was used to pronounce objects’ numbers (speech recognition was not applied): Score of convenience (M ± SD) was 9.2 ± 1.1 for manual and 8.0 ± 2.1 for voice confirmation, and time spent per object was 1269 ± 265 ms and 1626 ± 331 ms, respectively. We conclude that “voice-as-click” can be used to confirm selection in gaze-based interaction with computers as a substitute for the computer mouse click when manual confirmation cannot be used.
48.
Kozunov, Vladimir V.; West, Timothy O.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Y.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Friston, Karl J. (2020). Object recognition is enabled by an experience-dependent appraisal of visual features in the brain’s value system. NeuroImage, 221, 117143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117143
@article{Kozunov2020,
title = {Object recognition is enabled by an experience-dependent appraisal of visual features in the brain’s value system},
author = {Vladimir V. Kozunov and Timothy O. West and Anastasia Y. Nikolaeva and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Karl J. Friston},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1016_j.neuroimage.2020.117143.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117143},
issn = {1053-8119},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
urldate = {2020-11-01},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {221},
pages = {117143},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {This paper addresses perceptual synthesis by comparing responses evoked by visual stimuli before and after they are recognized, depending on prior exposure. Using magnetoencephalography, we analyzed distributed patterns of neuronal activity – evoked by Mooney figures – before and after they were recognized as meaningful objects. Recognition induced changes were first seen at 100–120 ms, for both faces and tools. These early effects – in right inferior and middle occipital regions – were characterized by an increase in power in the absence of any changes in spatial patterns of activity. Within a later 210–230 ms window, a quite different type of recognition effect appeared. Regions of the brain’s value system (insula, entorhinal cortex and cingulate of the right hemisphere for faces and right orbitofrontal cortex for tools) evinced a reorganization of their neuronal activity without an overall power increase in the region. Finally, we found that during the perception of disambiguated face stimuli, a face-specific response in the right fusiform gyrus emerged at 240–290 ms, with a much greater latency than the well-known N170m component, and, crucially, followed the recognition effect in the value system regions. These results can clarify one of the most intriguing issues of perceptual synthesis, namely, how a limited set of high-level predictions, which is required to reduce the uncertainty when resolving the ill-posed inverse problem of perception, can be available before category-specific processing in visual cortex. We suggest that a subset of local spatial features serves as partial cues for a fast re-activation of object-specific appraisal by the value system. The ensuing top-down feedback from value system to visual cortex, in particular, the fusiform gyrus enables high levels of processing to form category-specific predictions. This descending influence of the value system was more prominent for faces than for tools, the fact that reflects different dependence of these categories on value-related information.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper addresses perceptual synthesis by comparing responses evoked by visual stimuli before and after they are recognized, depending on prior exposure. Using magnetoencephalography, we analyzed distributed patterns of neuronal activity – evoked by Mooney figures – before and after they were recognized as meaningful objects. Recognition induced changes were first seen at 100–120 ms, for both faces and tools. These early effects – in right inferior and middle occipital regions – were characterized by an increase in power in the absence of any changes in spatial patterns of activity. Within a later 210–230 ms window, a quite different type of recognition effect appeared. Regions of the brain’s value system (insula, entorhinal cortex and cingulate of the right hemisphere for faces and right orbitofrontal cortex for tools) evinced a reorganization of their neuronal activity without an overall power increase in the region. Finally, we found that during the perception of disambiguated face stimuli, a face-specific response in the right fusiform gyrus emerged at 240–290 ms, with a much greater latency than the well-known N170m component, and, crucially, followed the recognition effect in the value system regions. These results can clarify one of the most intriguing issues of perceptual synthesis, namely, how a limited set of high-level predictions, which is required to reduce the uncertainty when resolving the ill-posed inverse problem of perception, can be available before category-specific processing in visual cortex. We suggest that a subset of local spatial features serves as partial cues for a fast re-activation of object-specific appraisal by the value system. The ensuing top-down feedback from value system to visual cortex, in particular, the fusiform gyrus enables high levels of processing to form category-specific predictions. This descending influence of the value system was more prominent for faces than for tools, the fact that reflects different dependence of these categories on value-related information.
47.
Razorenova, Alexandra M.; Chernyshev, Boris V.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Yu; Butorina, Anna V.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Tyulenev, Nikita B.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2020). Rapid Cortical Plasticity Induced by Active Associative Learning of Novel Words in Human Adults. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 895. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00895
@article{Razorenova2020b,
title = {Rapid Cortical Plasticity Induced by Active Associative Learning of Novel Words in Human Adults},
author = {Alexandra M. Razorenova and Boris V. Chernyshev and Anastasia Yu Nikolaeva and Anna V. Butorina and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Nikita B. Tyulenev and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fnins.2020.00895.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2020.00895},
issn = {1662-453X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-11},
urldate = {2020-09-11},
journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
volume = {14},
pages = {895},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {Human speech requires that new words are routinely memorized, yet neurocognitive mechanisms of such acquisition of memory remain highly debatable. Major controversy concerns the question whether cortical plasticity related to word learning occurs in neocortical speech-related areas immediately after learning, or neocortical plasticity emerges only on the second day after a prolonged time required for consolidation after learning. The functional spatiotemporal pattern of cortical activity related to such learning also remains largely unknown. In order to address these questions, we examined magnetoencephalographic responses elicited in the cerebral cortex by passive presentations of eight novel pseudowords before and immediately after an operant conditioning task. This associative procedure forced participants to perform an active search for unique meaning of four pseudowords that referred to movements of left and right hands and feet. The other four pseudowords did not require any movement and thus were not associated with any meaning. Familiarization with novel pseudowords led to a bilateral repetition suppression of cortical responses to them; the effect started before or around the uniqueness point and lasted for more than 500 ms. After learning, response amplitude to pseudowords that acquired meaning was greater compared with response amplitude to pseudowords that were not assigned meaning; the effect was significant within 144–362 ms after the uniqueness point, and it was found only in the left hemisphere. Within this time interval, a learning-related selective response initially emerged in cortical areas surrounding the Sylvian fissure: anterior superior temporal sulcus, ventral premotor cortex, the anterior part of intraparietal sulcus and insula. Later within this interval, activation additionally spread to more anterior higher-tier brain regions, and reached the left temporal pole and the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to its orbital part. Altogether, current findings evidence rapid plastic changes in cortical representations of meaningful auditory word-forms occurring almost immediately after learning. Additionally, our results suggest that familiarization resulting from stimulus repetition and semantic acquisition resulting from an active learning procedure have separable effects on cortical activity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Human speech requires that new words are routinely memorized, yet neurocognitive mechanisms of such acquisition of memory remain highly debatable. Major controversy concerns the question whether cortical plasticity related to word learning occurs in neocortical speech-related areas immediately after learning, or neocortical plasticity emerges only on the second day after a prolonged time required for consolidation after learning. The functional spatiotemporal pattern of cortical activity related to such learning also remains largely unknown. In order to address these questions, we examined magnetoencephalographic responses elicited in the cerebral cortex by passive presentations of eight novel pseudowords before and immediately after an operant conditioning task. This associative procedure forced participants to perform an active search for unique meaning of four pseudowords that referred to movements of left and right hands and feet. The other four pseudowords did not require any movement and thus were not associated with any meaning. Familiarization with novel pseudowords led to a bilateral repetition suppression of cortical responses to them; the effect started before or around the uniqueness point and lasted for more than 500 ms. After learning, response amplitude to pseudowords that acquired meaning was greater compared with response amplitude to pseudowords that were not assigned meaning; the effect was significant within 144–362 ms after the uniqueness point, and it was found only in the left hemisphere. Within this time interval, a learning-related selective response initially emerged in cortical areas surrounding the Sylvian fissure: anterior superior temporal sulcus, ventral premotor cortex, the anterior part of intraparietal sulcus and insula. Later within this interval, activation additionally spread to more anterior higher-tier brain regions, and reached the left temporal pole and the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to its orbital part. Altogether, current findings evidence rapid plastic changes in cortical representations of meaningful auditory word-forms occurring almost immediately after learning. Additionally, our results suggest that familiarization resulting from stimulus repetition and semantic acquisition resulting from an active learning procedure have separable effects on cortical activity.
46.
Jones, E. J. H.; Goodwin, A.; Orekhova, E.; Charman, T.; Dawson, G.; Webb, S. J.; Johnson, M. H. (2020). Infant EEG theta modulation predicts childhood intelligence. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 11232. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67687-y
@article{Jones2020,
title = {Infant EEG theta modulation predicts childhood intelligence},
author = {E. J. H. Jones and A. Goodwin and E. Orekhova and T. Charman and G. Dawson and S. J. Webb and M. H. Johnson},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1038_s41598-020-67687-y.pdf},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-67687-y},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-08},
urldate = {2020-07-08},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {11232},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Intellectual functioning is a critical determinant of economic and personal productivity. Identifying early neural predictors of cognitive function in infancy will allow us to map the neurodevelopmental pathways that underpin individual differences in intellect. Here, in three different cohorts we investigate the association between a putative neurophysiological indicator of information encoding (change in frontal theta during a novel video) in infancy and later general cognitive outcome. In a discovery cohort of 12-month-old typically developing infants, we recorded EEG during presentation of dynamic movies of people and objects. Frontal theta power (3–6 Hz) significantly increased during the course of viewing each video. Critically, increase in frontal theta during viewing of a video was associated with a differential response to repetition of that specific video, confirming relation to learning. Further, individual differences in the magnitude of change in frontal theta power were related to concurrent nonverbal cognitive level. We then sought to extend this association in two independent samples enriched for variation in cognitive outcome due to the inclusion of infants at familial risk for autism. We observed similar patterns of theta EEG change at 12 months, and found a predictive relation to verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills measured at 2, 3 and 7 years of age. For the subset of high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism, infant theta EEG explained over 80% of the variance in nonverbal skills at age 3 years. We suggest that EEG theta change in infancy is an excellent candidate predictive biomarker that could yield substantial insight into the mechanisms that underlie individual differences in childhood intelligence, particularly in high risk populations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Intellectual functioning is a critical determinant of economic and personal productivity. Identifying early neural predictors of cognitive function in infancy will allow us to map the neurodevelopmental pathways that underpin individual differences in intellect. Here, in three different cohorts we investigate the association between a putative neurophysiological indicator of information encoding (change in frontal theta during a novel video) in infancy and later general cognitive outcome. In a discovery cohort of 12-month-old typically developing infants, we recorded EEG during presentation of dynamic movies of people and objects. Frontal theta power (3–6 Hz) significantly increased during the course of viewing each video. Critically, increase in frontal theta during viewing of a video was associated with a differential response to repetition of that specific video, confirming relation to learning. Further, individual differences in the magnitude of change in frontal theta power were related to concurrent nonverbal cognitive level. We then sought to extend this association in two independent samples enriched for variation in cognitive outcome due to the inclusion of infants at familial risk for autism. We observed similar patterns of theta EEG change at 12 months, and found a predictive relation to verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills measured at 2, 3 and 7 years of age. For the subset of high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism, infant theta EEG explained over 80% of the variance in nonverbal skills at age 3 years. We suggest that EEG theta change in infancy is an excellent candidate predictive biomarker that could yield substantial insight into the mechanisms that underlie individual differences in childhood intelligence, particularly in high risk populations.
45.
Чернышев, Б. В. (2020). Введение. Современная зарубежная психология, 9(2), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090200
@article{nokey,
title = {Введение},
author = {Чернышев, Б.В.},
doi = {10.17759/jmfp.2020090200},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-09},
urldate = {2020-06-09},
journal = {Современная зарубежная психология},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {5-7},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
44.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Rostovtseva, Ekaterina N.; Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Prokofiev, Andrey O.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Yu.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2020). Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: Evidence from MEG gamma oscillations. NeuroImage, 213, 116753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116753
@article{Orekhova2020,
title = {Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: Evidence from MEG gamma oscillations},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Ekaterina N. Rostovtseva and Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Andrey O. Prokofiev and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Anastasia Yu. Nikolaeva and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1016_j.neuroimage.2020.116753.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116753},
issn = {1053-8119},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-00},
urldate = {2020-06-00},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {213},
pages = {116753},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {Spatial suppression (SS) is a visual perceptual phenomenon that is manifest in a reduction of directional sensitivity for drifting high-contrast gratings whose size exceeds the center of the visual field. Gratings moving at faster velocities induce stronger SS. The neural processes that give rise to such size- and velocity-dependent reductions in directional sensitivity are currently unknown, and the role of surround inhibition is unclear. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), large high-contrast drifting gratings induce a strong gamma response (GR), which also attenuates with an increase in the gratings’ velocity. It has been suggested that the slope of this GR attenuation is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex. Herein, we investigate whether SS is related to this inhibitory-based MEG measure. We evaluated SS and GR in two independent samples of participants: school-age boys and adult women. The slope of GR attenuation predicted inter-individual differences in SS in both samples. Test-retest reliability of the neuro-behavioral correlation was assessed in the adults, and was high between two sessions separated by several days or weeks. Neither frequencies nor absolute amplitudes of the GRs correlated with SS, which highlights the functional relevance of velocity-related changes in GR magnitude caused by augmentation of incoming input. Our findings provide evidence that links the psychophysical phenomenon of SS to inhibitory-based neural responses in the human primary visual cortex. This supports the role of inhibitory interactions as an important underlying mechanism for spatial suppression.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Spatial suppression (SS) is a visual perceptual phenomenon that is manifest in a reduction of directional sensitivity for drifting high-contrast gratings whose size exceeds the center of the visual field. Gratings moving at faster velocities induce stronger SS. The neural processes that give rise to such size- and velocity-dependent reductions in directional sensitivity are currently unknown, and the role of surround inhibition is unclear. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), large high-contrast drifting gratings induce a strong gamma response (GR), which also attenuates with an increase in the gratings’ velocity. It has been suggested that the slope of this GR attenuation is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex. Herein, we investigate whether SS is related to this inhibitory-based MEG measure. We evaluated SS and GR in two independent samples of participants: school-age boys and adult women. The slope of GR attenuation predicted inter-individual differences in SS in both samples. Test-retest reliability of the neuro-behavioral correlation was assessed in the adults, and was high between two sessions separated by several days or weeks. Neither frequencies nor absolute amplitudes of the GRs correlated with SS, which highlights the functional relevance of velocity-related changes in GR magnitude caused by augmentation of incoming input. Our findings provide evidence that links the psychophysical phenomenon of SS to inhibitory-based neural responses in the human primary visual cortex. This supports the role of inhibitory interactions as an important underlying mechanism for spatial suppression.
43.
Сайфулина, К. Э.; Козунова, Г. Л.; Медведев, В. А.; Рытикова, А. М.; Чернышев, Б. В. (2020). Принятие решения в условиях неопределенности: стратегии исследования и использования. Современная зарубежная психология, 9(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090208
@article{Sayfulina2020,
title = {Принятие решения в условиях неопределенности: стратегии исследования и использования},
author = {Сайфулина, К.Э. and Козунова, Г.Л. and Медведев, В.А. and Рытикова, А.М. and Чернышев, Б.В.
},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.17759_jmfp.2020090208.pdf},
doi = {10.17759/jmfp.2020090208},
issn = {2304-4977},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-27},
urldate = {2020-05-27},
journal = {Современная зарубежная психология},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {93-106},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
abstract = {Принятие человеком решений в условиях дефицита информации сопряжено с построением, проверкой и уточнением гипотез. В новой среде субъект сталкивается с высоким уровнем неопределенности, поэтому поведение должно быть вариабельным: это позволяет собирать информацию о закономерностях среды и находить наиболее выгодные опции. Такое поведение соответствует стратегии исследования. После формирования внутренней модели среды становится оправданной стратегия использования – т.е. применение выгодных опций, уже известных субъекту. В меняющейся или сложной среде оптимально применять обе стратегии попеременно. Баланс этих двух стратегий активно изучается в психологии, нейробиологии, нейроэкономике. В данном обзоре мы рассмотрим факторы, влияющие на баланс между стратегиями исследования и использования, механизмы принятия решения в условиях неопределенности, нейрофизиологические основы поддержания стратегий исследования/использования и переключения между ними, осветим роль основных задействованных в этих процессах областей мозга и нейромедиаторов.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Принятие человеком решений в условиях дефицита информации сопряжено с построением, проверкой и уточнением гипотез. В новой среде субъект сталкивается с высоким уровнем неопределенности, поэтому поведение должно быть вариабельным: это позволяет собирать информацию о закономерностях среды и находить наиболее выгодные опции. Такое поведение соответствует стратегии исследования. После формирования внутренней модели среды становится оправданной стратегия использования – т.е. применение выгодных опций, уже известных субъекту. В меняющейся или сложной среде оптимально применять обе стратегии попеременно. Баланс этих двух стратегий активно изучается в психологии, нейробиологии, нейроэкономике. В данном обзоре мы рассмотрим факторы, влияющие на баланс между стратегиями исследования и использования, механизмы принятия решения в условиях неопределенности, нейрофизиологические основы поддержания стратегий исследования/использования и переключения между ними, осветим роль основных задействованных в этих процессах областей мозга и нейромедиаторов.
42.
Манюхина, В. О.; Томышев, А. С.; Каледа, В. Г.; Лебедева, И. С. (2020). Структурные особенности таламо-кортикальной системы и спектральные характеристики альфа-ритма у психически здоровых людей и больных шизофренией. Физиология человека, 46(6), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0131164620050082
@article{Манюхина2020,
title = {Структурные особенности таламо-кортикальной системы и спектральные характеристики альфа-ритма у психически здоровых людей и больных шизофренией},
author = {В. О. Манюхина and А. С. Томышев and В. Г. Каледа and И. С. Лебедева},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.31857_s0131164620050082.pdf},
doi = {10.31857/s0131164620050082},
issn = {0131-1646},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-19},
urldate = {2020-05-19},
journal = {Физиология человека},
volume = {46},
number = {6},
pages = {50-59},
publisher = {Российская академия наук},
abstract = {Известные данные об анатомо-морфологических аномалиях таламо-кортикальной системы (ТКС) и нарушениях ее функционирования при шизофрении неполны и противоречивы. Для исследования данной системы были обследованы группы из 23 мужчин с юношеской приступообразной шизофренией и 30 подобранных по возрасту психически здоровых мужчин с применением структурной (сМРТ), диффузионно-взвешенной магнитно-резонансной томографии (ДВ-МРТ) и ЭЭГ. По сравнению с контролем, у больных выявлены структурные аномалии (в передней (ПТЛ) и задней (ЗТЛ) таламических лучистостях, ряде теменно-затылочных областей коры, таламусе) и снижение спектральной мощности (СМ) α-ритма в поддиапазоне 11–12.5 Гц. Толщина серого вещества в медиальной части префронтальной коры обратно коррелировала c отклонениями структурных показателей в таламусе и ПТЛ (все в правом полушарии). Полученные результаты подтверждают наличие распределенных структурных аномалий ТКС на начальных этапах шизофрении.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Известные данные об анатомо-морфологических аномалиях таламо-кортикальной системы (ТКС) и нарушениях ее функционирования при шизофрении неполны и противоречивы. Для исследования данной системы были обследованы группы из 23 мужчин с юношеской приступообразной шизофренией и 30 подобранных по возрасту психически здоровых мужчин с применением структурной (сМРТ), диффузионно-взвешенной магнитно-резонансной томографии (ДВ-МРТ) и ЭЭГ. По сравнению с контролем, у больных выявлены структурные аномалии (в передней (ПТЛ) и задней (ЗТЛ) таламических лучистостях, ряде теменно-затылочных областей коры, таламусе) и снижение спектральной мощности (СМ) α-ритма в поддиапазоне 11–12.5 Гц. Толщина серого вещества в медиальной части префронтальной коры обратно коррелировала c отклонениями структурных показателей в таламусе и ПТЛ (все в правом полушарии). Полученные результаты подтверждают наличие распределенных структурных аномалий ТКС на начальных этапах шизофрении.
41.
Разоренова, А. М.; Тюленев, Н. Б.; Рытикова, А. М.; Чернышев, Б. В.; Скавронская, В. В. (2020). Может ли научение новым словам в слуховой модальности вести к быстрому формированию пластических перестроек в коре больших полушарий у взрослых? Современная зарубежная психология, 9(2), 46-56.
@article{nokey,
title = {Может ли научение новым словам в слуховой модальности вести к быстрому формированию пластических перестроек в коре больших полушарий у взрослых?},
author = {Разоренова, А.М. and Тюленев, Н.Б. and Рытикова, А.М. and Чернышев, Б.В. and Скавронская, В.В.},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-05-08},
urldate = {2020-05-08},
journal = {Современная зарубежная психология},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {46-56},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
abstract = {Устойчивая связь между словами и обозначаемыми объектами или событиями лежит в основе человеческой речи. Фундаментальным является вопрос о том, как слово обрабатывается человеческим мозгом
и какие факторы обеспечивают интеграцию незнакомого набора фонем в лексикон. Ответ на него мог бы
произвести прорыв во многих областях, начиная от методик преподавания языка и программ по коррекции речи у детей с поздним развитием и заканчивая новыми методами реабилитации больных с нарушениями речи и нейрофизиологическими тестами для проверки работы речевого аппарата. В данном обзоре рассматривается современное состояние российских и зарубежных исследований по тематике научения новым словам при слуховом предъявлении, выполненных с применением разнообразных методик.
Равное внимание уделено как исследованиям фонологической обработки слова (распознаванию фонетического паттерна), так и работам, посвященным исследованию процессов приобретения словом
семантики. Рассмотрены результаты исследований, выполненных с помощью различных методов —
фМРТ, ЭЭГ/МЭГ и др.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Устойчивая связь между словами и обозначаемыми объектами или событиями лежит в основе человеческой речи. Фундаментальным является вопрос о том, как слово обрабатывается человеческим мозгом
и какие факторы обеспечивают интеграцию незнакомого набора фонем в лексикон. Ответ на него мог бы
произвести прорыв во многих областях, начиная от методик преподавания языка и программ по коррекции речи у детей с поздним развитием и заканчивая новыми методами реабилитации больных с нарушениями речи и нейрофизиологическими тестами для проверки работы речевого аппарата. В данном обзоре рассматривается современное состояние российских и зарубежных исследований по тематике научения новым словам при слуховом предъявлении, выполненных с применением разнообразных методик.
Равное внимание уделено как исследованиям фонологической обработки слова (распознаванию фонетического паттерна), так и работам, посвященным исследованию процессов приобретения словом
семантики. Рассмотрены результаты исследований, выполненных с помощью различных методов —
фМРТ, ЭЭГ/МЭГ и др.
и какие факторы обеспечивают интеграцию незнакомого набора фонем в лексикон. Ответ на него мог бы
произвести прорыв во многих областях, начиная от методик преподавания языка и программ по коррекции речи у детей с поздним развитием и заканчивая новыми методами реабилитации больных с нарушениями речи и нейрофизиологическими тестами для проверки работы речевого аппарата. В данном обзоре рассматривается современное состояние российских и зарубежных исследований по тематике научения новым словам при слуховом предъявлении, выполненных с применением разнообразных методик.
Равное внимание уделено как исследованиям фонологической обработки слова (распознаванию фонетического паттерна), так и работам, посвященным исследованию процессов приобретения словом
семантики. Рассмотрены результаты исследований, выполненных с помощью различных методов —
фМРТ, ЭЭГ/МЭГ и др.
40.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Yu.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2020). Additive effect of contrast and velocity suggests the role of strong excitatory drive in suppression of visual gamma response. PLoS ONE, 15(2), e0228937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228937
@article{Orekhova2020b,
title = {Additive effect of contrast and velocity suggests the role of strong excitatory drive in suppression of visual gamma response},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Anastasia Yu. Nikolaeva and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
editor = {César Rennó‐Costa},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1371_journal.pone.0228937.pdf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0228937},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-13},
urldate = {2020-02-13},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e0228937},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {It is commonly acknowledged that gamma-band oscillations arise from interplay between neural excitation and inhibition; however, the neural mechanisms controlling the power of stimulus-induced gamma responses (GR) in the human brain remain poorly understood. A moderate increase in velocity of drifting gratings results in GR power enhancement, while increasing the velocity beyond some ‘transition point’ leads to GR power attenuation. We tested two alternative explanations for this nonlinear input-output dependency in the GR power. First, the GR power can be maximal at the preferable velocity/temporal frequency of motion-sensitive V1 neurons. This ‘velocity tuning’ hypothesis predicts that lowering contrast either will not affect the transition point or shift it to a lower velocity. Second, the GR power attenuation at high velocities of visual motion can be caused by changes in excitation/inhibition balance with increasing excitatory drive. Since contrast and velocity both add to excitatory drive, this ‘excitatory drive’ hypothesis predicts that the ‘transition point’ for low-contrast gratings would be reached at a higher velocity, as compared to high-contrast gratings. To test these alternatives, we recorded magnetoencephalography during presentation of low (50%) and high (100%) contrast gratings drifting at four velocities. We found that lowering contrast led to a highly reliable shift of the GR suppression transition point to higher velocities, thus supporting the excitatory drive hypothesis. No effects of contrast or velocity were found in the alpha-beta range. The results have implications for understanding the mechanisms of gamma oscillations and developing gamma-based biomarkers of disturbed excitation/inhibition balance in brain disorders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is commonly acknowledged that gamma-band oscillations arise from interplay between neural excitation and inhibition; however, the neural mechanisms controlling the power of stimulus-induced gamma responses (GR) in the human brain remain poorly understood. A moderate increase in velocity of drifting gratings results in GR power enhancement, while increasing the velocity beyond some ‘transition point’ leads to GR power attenuation. We tested two alternative explanations for this nonlinear input-output dependency in the GR power. First, the GR power can be maximal at the preferable velocity/temporal frequency of motion-sensitive V1 neurons. This ‘velocity tuning’ hypothesis predicts that lowering contrast either will not affect the transition point or shift it to a lower velocity. Second, the GR power attenuation at high velocities of visual motion can be caused by changes in excitation/inhibition balance with increasing excitatory drive. Since contrast and velocity both add to excitatory drive, this ‘excitatory drive’ hypothesis predicts that the ‘transition point’ for low-contrast gratings would be reached at a higher velocity, as compared to high-contrast gratings. To test these alternatives, we recorded magnetoencephalography during presentation of low (50%) and high (100%) contrast gratings drifting at four velocities. We found that lowering contrast led to a highly reliable shift of the GR suppression transition point to higher velocities, thus supporting the excitatory drive hypothesis. No effects of contrast or velocity were found in the alpha-beta range. The results have implications for understanding the mechanisms of gamma oscillations and developing gamma-based biomarkers of disturbed excitation/inhibition balance in brain disorders.
39.
Sayfulina, K. E.; Lazarev, I. E.; Chernysheva, E. G.; Chernyshev, B. V. (2020). Feature Binding in the Visual Modality Depends on Attention: Analysis of Mismatch Negativity. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 50(2), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-019-00885-y
@article{Sayfulina2020b,
title = {Feature Binding in the Visual Modality Depends on Attention: Analysis of Mismatch Negativity},
author = {K. E. Sayfulina and I. E. Lazarev and E. G. Chernysheva and B. V. Chernyshev},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s11055-019-00885-y.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s11055-019-00885-y},
issn = {1573-899X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-02},
urldate = {2020-01-02},
journal = {Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology},
volume = {50},
number = {2},
pages = {173-182},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {This study address the question of whether attention is required for binding of features in the visual modality. Subjects performed a task based on discrimination of visual stimuli – Gabor grids – characterizing two features: the spatial frequency and the tilt angle. Deviant stimuli could be detected on the background of standard stimuli only using a combination of features, not single features. Event-related potentials were analyzed in four experimental conditions: selective attention to the target stimulus; selective neglect of the nontarget stimulus; distributed attention to all visual stimuli; intermodal distraction of attention from the visual modality to the auditory modality. Mismatch negativity was significantly present only in the situation of attention to visual stimuli – both selective and distributed. These results showed that binding of features occurred only in the situation of attention to visual stimuli.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study address the question of whether attention is required for binding of features in the visual modality. Subjects performed a task based on discrimination of visual stimuli – Gabor grids – characterizing two features: the spatial frequency and the tilt angle. Deviant stimuli could be detected on the background of standard stimuli only using a combination of features, not single features. Event-related potentials were analyzed in four experimental conditions: selective attention to the target stimulus; selective neglect of the nontarget stimulus; distributed attention to all visual stimuli; intermodal distraction of attention from the visual modality to the auditory modality. Mismatch negativity was significantly present only in the situation of attention to visual stimuli – both selective and distributed. These results showed that binding of features occurred only in the situation of attention to visual stimuli.
38.
Медведев, В. А.; Сайфулина, К. Э.; Рытикова, А. М.; Чернышев, Б. В. (2020). Электроэнцефалографические корреляты мониторинга выполнения при реализации конденсационной задачи: потенциалы, связанные с событиями. Экспериментальная психология, 13(4), 102-114. https://doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130407
@article{Medvedev2020,
title = {Электроэнцефалографические корреляты мониторинга выполнения при реализации конденсационной задачи: потенциалы, связанные с событиями},
author = {Медведев, В.А. and Сайфулина, К.Э. and Рытикова, А.М. and Чернышев, Б.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.17759_exppsy.2020130407.pdf},
doi = {10.17759/exppsy.2020130407},
issn = {2311-7036},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-00},
urldate = {2020-01-00},
journal = {Экспериментальная психология},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {102-114},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
abstract = {Мониторинг выполнения включает оценку результатов собственного поведения и инициацию его адаптивных перестроек. Психофизиологические механизмы мониторинга выполнения остаются малоизученными в контексте неопределенности, возникающей на этапе распознавания сенсорной информации и принятия решения, а также в контексте торможения/коррекции двигательного ответа. В данном исследовании мы изучали связь между поведенческими показателями выполнения задачи и компонентами потенциалов, связанных с событиями: N2, ERN/CRN и Pe. Испытуемые выполняли конденсационную задачу и давали ответы путем перемещения компьютерной мыши. Такой способ записи ответов позволил получить два независимых поведенческих показателя: время начала движения компьютерной мыши и его продолжительность. Время начала движения можно рассматривать как эквивалент стандартного времени реакции. Амплитуда компонентов N2 и CRN зависела от времени начала движения: амплитуда N2 была увеличена, а амплитуда CRN снижена для «поздних» (задержанных) правильных ответов по сравнению с «ранними» (более быстрыми по времени начала движения мыши). Предположительно, «поздние» ответы характеризуются более сильным конфликтом между альтернативами, более высоким уровнем неопределенности по сравнению с «ранними». Продолжительность движения курсора мыши представляет собой новый поведенческий показатель, измерение которого традиционными методами представляется затруднительным. Амплитуда сигнала во временно́м окне раннего Pe была связана с продолжительностью движения и являлась более высокой в случае «длительных» ответов по сравнению с «короткими». Такого рода взаимосвязь можно объяснить работой механизмов торможения выполняемого ответа, которое, в свою очередь, может запускаться в связи с осознанием потенциальной вероятности совершения ошибки.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Мониторинг выполнения включает оценку результатов собственного поведения и инициацию его адаптивных перестроек. Психофизиологические механизмы мониторинга выполнения остаются малоизученными в контексте неопределенности, возникающей на этапе распознавания сенсорной информации и принятия решения, а также в контексте торможения/коррекции двигательного ответа. В данном исследовании мы изучали связь между поведенческими показателями выполнения задачи и компонентами потенциалов, связанных с событиями: N2, ERN/CRN и Pe. Испытуемые выполняли конденсационную задачу и давали ответы путем перемещения компьютерной мыши. Такой способ записи ответов позволил получить два независимых поведенческих показателя: время начала движения компьютерной мыши и его продолжительность. Время начала движения можно рассматривать как эквивалент стандартного времени реакции. Амплитуда компонентов N2 и CRN зависела от времени начала движения: амплитуда N2 была увеличена, а амплитуда CRN снижена для «поздних» (задержанных) правильных ответов по сравнению с «ранними» (более быстрыми по времени начала движения мыши). Предположительно, «поздние» ответы характеризуются более сильным конфликтом между альтернативами, более высоким уровнем неопределенности по сравнению с «ранними». Продолжительность движения курсора мыши представляет собой новый поведенческий показатель, измерение которого традиционными методами представляется затруднительным. Амплитуда сигнала во временно́м окне раннего Pe была связана с продолжительностью движения и являлась более высокой в случае «длительных» ответов по сравнению с «короткими». Такого рода взаимосвязь можно объяснить работой механизмов торможения выполняемого ответа, которое, в свою очередь, может запускаться в связи с осознанием потенциальной вероятности совершения ошибки.
2019
37.
Haartsen, Rianne; Jones, Emily J. H.; Orekhova, Elena V.; Charman, Tony; Johnson, Mark H.; Baron-Cohen, S.; Bedford, R.; Blasi, A.; Bolton, P.; Chandler, S.; Cheung, C.; Davies, K.; Elsabbagh, M.; Fernandes, J.; Gammer, I.; Garwood, H.; Gliga, T.; Guiraud, J.; Hudry, K.; Liew, M.; Lloyd-Fox, S.; Maris, H.; O’Hara, L.; Pasco, G.; Pickles, A.; Ribeiro, H.; Salomone, E.; Tucker, L.; Volein, A. (2019). Functional EEG connectivity in infants associates with later restricted and repetitive behaviours in autism; a replication study. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0380-2
@article{Haartsen2019,
title = {Functional EEG connectivity in infants associates with later restricted and repetitive behaviours in autism; a replication study},
author = {Rianne Haartsen and Emily J. H. Jones and Elena V. Orekhova and Tony Charman and Mark H. Johnson and S. Baron-Cohen and R. Bedford and A. Blasi and P. Bolton and S. Chandler and C. Cheung and K. Davies and M. Elsabbagh and J. Fernandes and I. Gammer and H. Garwood and T. Gliga and J. Guiraud and K. Hudry and M. Liew and S. Lloyd-Fox and H. Maris and L. O’Hara and G. Pasco and A. Pickles and H. Ribeiro and E. Salomone and L. Tucker and A. Volein},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1038_s41398-019-0380-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1038/s41398-019-0380-2},
issn = {2158-3188},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-00},
urldate = {2019-12-00},
journal = {Translational Psychiatry},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {66},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {We conducted a replication study of our prior report that increased alpha EEG connectivity at 14-months associates with later autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, and dimensional variation in restricted interests/repetitive behaviours. 143 infants at high and low familial risk for ASD watched dynamic videos of spinning toys and women singing nursery rhymes while high-density EEG was recorded. Alpha functional connectivity (7-8 Hz) was calculated using the debiased weighted phase lag index. The final sample with clean data included low-risk infants (N = 20), and high-risk infants who at 36 months showed either typical development (N = 47), atypical development (N = 21), or met criteria for ASD (N = 13). While we did not replicate the finding that global EEG connectivity associated with ASD diagnosis, we did replicate the association between higher functional connectivity at 14 months and greater severity of restricted and repetitive behaviours at 36 months in infants who met criteria for ASD. We further showed that this association is strongest for the circumscribed interests subdomain. We propose that structural and/or functional abnormalities in frontal-striatal circuits underlie the observed association. This is the first replicated infant neural predictor of dimensional variation in later ASD symptoms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We conducted a replication study of our prior report that increased alpha EEG connectivity at 14-months associates with later autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, and dimensional variation in restricted interests/repetitive behaviours. 143 infants at high and low familial risk for ASD watched dynamic videos of spinning toys and women singing nursery rhymes while high-density EEG was recorded. Alpha functional connectivity (7-8 Hz) was calculated using the debiased weighted phase lag index. The final sample with clean data included low-risk infants (N = 20), and high-risk infants who at 36 months showed either typical development (N = 47), atypical development (N = 21), or met criteria for ASD (N = 13). While we did not replicate the finding that global EEG connectivity associated with ASD diagnosis, we did replicate the association between higher functional connectivity at 14 months and greater severity of restricted and repetitive behaviours at 36 months in infants who met criteria for ASD. We further showed that this association is strongest for the circumscribed interests subdomain. We propose that structural and/or functional abnormalities in frontal-striatal circuits underlie the observed association. This is the first replicated infant neural predictor of dimensional variation in later ASD symptoms.
36.
Sysoeva, Olga V.; Smirnov, Kirill; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2019). Sensory evoked potentials in patients with Rett syndrome through the lens of animal studies: Systematic review. Clinical Neurophysiology, 131(1), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.003
@article{Sysoeva2020,
title = {Sensory evoked potentials in patients with Rett syndrome through the lens of animal studies: Systematic review},
author = {Olga V. Sysoeva and Kirill Smirnov and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.003},
issn = {1388-2457},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-21},
urldate = {2020-01-00},
journal = {Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {131},
number = {1},
pages = {213-224},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {Objective: Systematically review the abnormalities in event related potential (ERP) recorded in Rett Syndrome (RTT) patients and animals in search of translational biomarkers of deficits related to the particular neurophysiological processes of known genetic origin (MECP2 mutations).
Methods: Pubmed, ISI Web of Knowledge and BIORXIV were searched for the relevant articles according to PRISMA standards.
Results: ERP components are generally delayed across all sensory modalities both in RTT patients and its animal model, while findings on ERPs amplitude strongly depend on stimulus properties and presentation rate. Studies on RTT animal models uncovered the abnormalities in the excitatory and inhibitory transmission as critical mechanisms underlying the ERPs changes, but showed that even similar ERP alterations in auditory and visual domains have a diverse neural basis. A range of novel approaches has been developed in animal studies bringing along the meaningful neurophysiological interpretation of ERP measures in RTT patients.
Conclusions: While there is a clear evidence for sensory ERPs abnormalities in RTT, to further advance the field there is a need in a large-scale ERP studies with the functionally-relevant experimental paradigms.
Significance: The review provides insights into domain-specific neural basis of the ERP abnormalities and promotes clinical application of the ERP measures as the non-invasive functional biomarkers of RTT pathophysiology.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: Systematically review the abnormalities in event related potential (ERP) recorded in Rett Syndrome (RTT) patients and animals in search of translational biomarkers of deficits related to the particular neurophysiological processes of known genetic origin (MECP2 mutations).
Methods: Pubmed, ISI Web of Knowledge and BIORXIV were searched for the relevant articles according to PRISMA standards.
Results: ERP components are generally delayed across all sensory modalities both in RTT patients and its animal model, while findings on ERPs amplitude strongly depend on stimulus properties and presentation rate. Studies on RTT animal models uncovered the abnormalities in the excitatory and inhibitory transmission as critical mechanisms underlying the ERPs changes, but showed that even similar ERP alterations in auditory and visual domains have a diverse neural basis. A range of novel approaches has been developed in animal studies bringing along the meaningful neurophysiological interpretation of ERP measures in RTT patients.
Conclusions: While there is a clear evidence for sensory ERPs abnormalities in RTT, to further advance the field there is a need in a large-scale ERP studies with the functionally-relevant experimental paradigms.
Significance: The review provides insights into domain-specific neural basis of the ERP abnormalities and promotes clinical application of the ERP measures as the non-invasive functional biomarkers of RTT pathophysiology.
Methods: Pubmed, ISI Web of Knowledge and BIORXIV were searched for the relevant articles according to PRISMA standards.
Results: ERP components are generally delayed across all sensory modalities both in RTT patients and its animal model, while findings on ERPs amplitude strongly depend on stimulus properties and presentation rate. Studies on RTT animal models uncovered the abnormalities in the excitatory and inhibitory transmission as critical mechanisms underlying the ERPs changes, but showed that even similar ERP alterations in auditory and visual domains have a diverse neural basis. A range of novel approaches has been developed in animal studies bringing along the meaningful neurophysiological interpretation of ERP measures in RTT patients.
Conclusions: While there is a clear evidence for sensory ERPs abnormalities in RTT, to further advance the field there is a need in a large-scale ERP studies with the functionally-relevant experimental paradigms.
Significance: The review provides insights into domain-specific neural basis of the ERP abnormalities and promotes clinical application of the ERP measures as the non-invasive functional biomarkers of RTT pathophysiology.
35.
Ulanov, M. A.; Shtyrov, Y. Y.; Stroganova, T. A. (2019). Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Language Recovery in Patients with Post-Stroke Aphasia. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 49(9), 1169-1180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-019-00854-5
@article{Ulanov2019,
title = {Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Tool to Induce Language Recovery in Patients with Post-Stroke Aphasia},
author = {M. A. Ulanov and Y. Y. Shtyrov and T. A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s11055-019-00854-5.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s11055-019-00854-5},
issn = {1573-899X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-00},
urldate = {2019-11-00},
journal = {Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology},
volume = {49},
number = {9},
pages = {1169-1180},
publisher = {The Russian Academy of Sciences},
abstract = {In recent years, possible therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been widely investigated in studies dealing with different types of neural pathologies. Initially, tDCS was applied for treatment of patients with motor stroke; later on, it was introduced into studies of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and post-stroke aphasia. Recent reviews of tDCS application in patients with post-stroke aphasia did not provide coherent evidence on the tDCS efficiency. There were no uniform protocols of stimulation used, patients’ selection criteria were highly divergent, and the reports of treatment outcomes varied dramatically. In this review, we will focus on the reported heterogeneity of tDCS effects trying to disentangle its putative underpinnings rooted in the diversity of lesion types, aphasia severity and recovery stages. Given the current theoretical models suggesting the qualitatively different patterns of brain activity to accompany post-stroke aphasia recovery, a number of physiological factors should be taken into account to choose optimal tDCS parameters. With this in mind, we assess results of ten studies applying tDCS in post-stroke aphasia treatment, and, based on this analysis, suggest directions for further research in this rapidly developing field.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In recent years, possible therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been widely investigated in studies dealing with different types of neural pathologies. Initially, tDCS was applied for treatment of patients with motor stroke; later on, it was introduced into studies of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and post-stroke aphasia. Recent reviews of tDCS application in patients with post-stroke aphasia did not provide coherent evidence on the tDCS efficiency. There were no uniform protocols of stimulation used, patients’ selection criteria were highly divergent, and the reports of treatment outcomes varied dramatically. In this review, we will focus on the reported heterogeneity of tDCS effects trying to disentangle its putative underpinnings rooted in the diversity of lesion types, aphasia severity and recovery stages. Given the current theoretical models suggesting the qualitatively different patterns of brain activity to accompany post-stroke aphasia recovery, a number of physiological factors should be taken into account to choose optimal tDCS parameters. With this in mind, we assess results of ten studies applying tDCS in post-stroke aphasia treatment, and, based on this analysis, suggest directions for further research in this rapidly developing field.
34.
Pavlova, Anna A.; Butorina, Anna V.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Y.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Ulanov, Maxim A.; Bondarev, Denis P.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2019). Effortful verb retrieval from semantic memory drives beta suppression in mesial frontal regions involved in action initiation. Human Brain Mapping, 40(12), 3669-3681. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24624
@article{Pavlova2019b,
title = {Effortful verb retrieval from semantic memory drives beta suppression in mesial frontal regions involved in action initiation},
author = {Anna A. Pavlova and Anna V. Butorina and Anastasia Y. Nikolaeva and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Maxim A. Ulanov and Denis P. Bondarev and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.24624},
doi = {10.1002/hbm.24624},
issn = {1097-0193},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-08-15},
urldate = {2019-08-15},
journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {3669-3681},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {The contribution of the motor cortex to the semantic retrieval of verbs remains a subject of debate in neuroscience. Here, we examined whether additional engagement of the cortical motor system was required when access to verbs semantics was hindered during a verb generation task. We asked participants to produce verbs related to presented noun cues that were either strongly associated with a single verb to prompt fast and effortless verb retrieval, or were weakly associated with multiple verbs and more difficult to respond to. Using power suppression of magnetoencephalography beta oscillations (15–30 Hz) as an index of cortical activation, we performed a whole‐brain analysis in order to identify the cortical regions sensitive to the difficulty of verb semantic retrieval. Highly reliable suppression of beta oscillations occurred 250 ms after the noun cue presentation and was sustained until the onset of verbal response. This was localized to multiple cortical regions, mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes of the left hemisphere. Crucially, the only cortical regions where beta suppression was sensitive to the task difficulty, were the higher order motor areas on the medial and lateral surfaces of the frontal lobe. Stronger activation of the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area accompanied the effortful verb retrieval and preceded the preparation of verbal responses for more than 500 ms, thus, overlapping with the time window of verb retrieval from semantic memory. Our results suggest that reactivation of verb‐related motor plans in higher order motor circuitry promotes the semantic retrieval of target verbs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The contribution of the motor cortex to the semantic retrieval of verbs remains a subject of debate in neuroscience. Here, we examined whether additional engagement of the cortical motor system was required when access to verbs semantics was hindered during a verb generation task. We asked participants to produce verbs related to presented noun cues that were either strongly associated with a single verb to prompt fast and effortless verb retrieval, or were weakly associated with multiple verbs and more difficult to respond to. Using power suppression of magnetoencephalography beta oscillations (15–30 Hz) as an index of cortical activation, we performed a whole‐brain analysis in order to identify the cortical regions sensitive to the difficulty of verb semantic retrieval. Highly reliable suppression of beta oscillations occurred 250 ms after the noun cue presentation and was sustained until the onset of verbal response. This was localized to multiple cortical regions, mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes of the left hemisphere. Crucially, the only cortical regions where beta suppression was sensitive to the task difficulty, were the higher order motor areas on the medial and lateral surfaces of the frontal lobe. Stronger activation of the premotor cortex and supplementary motor area accompanied the effortful verb retrieval and preceded the preparation of verbal responses for more than 500 ms, thus, overlapping with the time window of verb retrieval from semantic memory. Our results suggest that reactivation of verb‐related motor plans in higher order motor circuitry promotes the semantic retrieval of target verbs.
33.
Korosteleva, Anastasia; Ushakov, Vadim; Orlov, Vyacheslav; Stroganova, Tatiana; Velichkovskiy, Boris (2019). Neurophysiological Correlators of Semantic Features. Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2019. BICA 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer, Cham. 948, 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25719-4_31
@conference{Korosteleva2019,
title = {Neurophysiological Correlators of Semantic Features},
author = {Anastasia Korosteleva and Vadim Ushakov and Vyacheslav Orlov and Tatiana Stroganova and Boris Velichkovskiy},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_978-3-030-25719-4_31.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-25719-4_31},
isbn = {9783030257194},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-17},
urldate = {2019-07-17},
booktitle = {Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2019. BICA 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
volume = {948},
pages = {240-245},
publisher = {Springer, Cham},
abstract = {The article presents the result of fMRI data processing - a map and characteristics of brain activity in the process of monitoring human speech activity. Experimental data calculated by 8 subjects. The main goal of the work was to localize the spatial and temporal dynamics of the neural networks of the cortex, which is responsible for the mechanism of verbal control. The secondary goal of the work was to recognize and remove noise components from the fMRI signal, which are related to human physiology and a feature of the test items.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
The article presents the result of fMRI data processing - a map and characteristics of brain activity in the process of monitoring human speech activity. Experimental data calculated by 8 subjects. The main goal of the work was to localize the spatial and temporal dynamics of the neural networks of the cortex, which is responsible for the mechanism of verbal control. The secondary goal of the work was to recognize and remove noise components from the fMRI signal, which are related to human physiology and a feature of the test items.
32.
Nurislamova, Yulia M.; Novikov, Nikita A.; Zhozhikashvili, Natalia A.; Chernyshev, Boris V. (2019). Enhanced Theta-Band Coherence Between Midfrontal and Posterior Parietal Areas Reflects Post-feedback Adjustments in the State of Outcome Uncertainty. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 13, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2019.00014
@article{Nurislamova2019,
title = {Enhanced Theta-Band Coherence Between Midfrontal and Posterior Parietal Areas Reflects Post-feedback Adjustments in the State of Outcome Uncertainty},
author = {Yulia M. Nurislamova and Nikita A. Novikov and Natalia A. Zhozhikashvili and Boris V. Chernyshev},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fnint.2019.00014.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fnint.2019.00014},
issn = {1662-5145},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-24},
urldate = {2019-04-24},
journal = {Frontiers in integrative neuroscience},
volume = {13},
pages = {1-14},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {Medial frontal cortex is currently viewed as the main hub of the performance monitoring system; upon detection of an error committed, it establishes functional connections with brain regions involved in task performance, thus leading to neural adjustments in them. Previous research has identified targets of such adjustments in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cortical regions, motor cortical areas, and subthalamic nucleus. Yet most of such studies involved visual tasks with relatively moderate cognitive load and strong dependence on motor inhibition – thus highlighting sensory, executive and motor effects while underestimating sensorimotor transformation and related aspects of decision making. Currently there is ample evidence that posterior
parietal cortical areas are involved in task-specific neural processes of decision making (including evidence accumulation, sensorimotor transformation, attention, etc.) – yet, to our knowledge, no EEG studies have demonstrated post-error increase in functional connectivity in the theta-band between midfrontal and posterior parietal areas during performance on non-visual tasks. In the present study, we recorded EEG while subjects were performing an auditory version of the cognitively demanding attentional condensation task; this task involves rather non-straightforward stimulus-toresponse mapping rules, thus, creating increased load on sensorimotor transformation. We observed strong pre-response alpha-band suppression in the left parietal area,
which presumably reflected involvement of the posterior parietal cortex in task-specific decision-making processes. Negative feedback was followed by increased midfrontal theta-band power and increased functional coupling in the theta band between midfrontal and left parietal regions. This could be interpreted as activation of the performance monitoring system and top–down influence of this system on the posterior parietal regions involved in decision making, respectively. This inter-site coupling related to negative feedback was stronger for subjects who tended to commit errors with slower response times. Generally, current findings support the idea that slower errors are related to the state of outcome uncertainty caused by failures of task-specific processes, associated with posterior parietal regions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Medial frontal cortex is currently viewed as the main hub of the performance monitoring system; upon detection of an error committed, it establishes functional connections with brain regions involved in task performance, thus leading to neural adjustments in them. Previous research has identified targets of such adjustments in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cortical regions, motor cortical areas, and subthalamic nucleus. Yet most of such studies involved visual tasks with relatively moderate cognitive load and strong dependence on motor inhibition – thus highlighting sensory, executive and motor effects while underestimating sensorimotor transformation and related aspects of decision making. Currently there is ample evidence that posterior
parietal cortical areas are involved in task-specific neural processes of decision making (including evidence accumulation, sensorimotor transformation, attention, etc.) – yet, to our knowledge, no EEG studies have demonstrated post-error increase in functional connectivity in the theta-band between midfrontal and posterior parietal areas during performance on non-visual tasks. In the present study, we recorded EEG while subjects were performing an auditory version of the cognitively demanding attentional condensation task; this task involves rather non-straightforward stimulus-toresponse mapping rules, thus, creating increased load on sensorimotor transformation. We observed strong pre-response alpha-band suppression in the left parietal area,
which presumably reflected involvement of the posterior parietal cortex in task-specific decision-making processes. Negative feedback was followed by increased midfrontal theta-band power and increased functional coupling in the theta band between midfrontal and left parietal regions. This could be interpreted as activation of the performance monitoring system and top–down influence of this system on the posterior parietal regions involved in decision making, respectively. This inter-site coupling related to negative feedback was stronger for subjects who tended to commit errors with slower response times. Generally, current findings support the idea that slower errors are related to the state of outcome uncertainty caused by failures of task-specific processes, associated with posterior parietal regions.
parietal cortical areas are involved in task-specific neural processes of decision making (including evidence accumulation, sensorimotor transformation, attention, etc.) – yet, to our knowledge, no EEG studies have demonstrated post-error increase in functional connectivity in the theta-band between midfrontal and posterior parietal areas during performance on non-visual tasks. In the present study, we recorded EEG while subjects were performing an auditory version of the cognitively demanding attentional condensation task; this task involves rather non-straightforward stimulus-toresponse mapping rules, thus, creating increased load on sensorimotor transformation. We observed strong pre-response alpha-band suppression in the left parietal area,
which presumably reflected involvement of the posterior parietal cortex in task-specific decision-making processes. Negative feedback was followed by increased midfrontal theta-band power and increased functional coupling in the theta band between midfrontal and left parietal regions. This could be interpreted as activation of the performance monitoring system and top–down influence of this system on the posterior parietal regions involved in decision making, respectively. This inter-site coupling related to negative feedback was stronger for subjects who tended to commit errors with slower response times. Generally, current findings support the idea that slower errors are related to the state of outcome uncertainty caused by failures of task-specific processes, associated with posterior parietal regions.
31.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Lundström, Sebastian; Riaz, Bushra; Sarovic, Darko; Sysoeva, Olga V.; Brant, Georg; Gillberg, Christopher; Hadjikhani, Nouchine (2019). Neural gain control measured through cortical gamma oscillations is associated with sensory sensitivity. Human Brain Mapping, 40(5), 1583-1593. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24469
@article{Orekhova2018b,
title = {Neural gain control measured through cortical gamma oscillations is associated with sensory sensitivity},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Justin F. Schneiderman and Sebastian Lundström and Bushra Riaz and Darko Sarovic and Olga V. Sysoeva and Georg Brant and Christopher Gillberg and Nouchine Hadjikhani},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.24469},
doi = {10.1002/hbm.24469},
issn = {1097-0193},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-01},
urldate = {2019-04-01},
journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {1583-1593},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Gamma oscillations facilitate information processing by shaping the excitatory input/output of neuronal populations. Recent studies in humans and nonhuman primates have shown that strong excitatory drive to the visual cortex leads to suppression of induced gamma oscillations, which may reflect inhibitory-based gain control of network excitation. The efficiency of the gain control measured through gamma oscillations may in turn affect sensory sensitivity in everyday life. To test this prediction, we assessed the link between self-reported sensitivity and changes in magneto-encephalographic gamma oscillations as a function of motion velocity of high-contrast visual gratings. The induced gamma oscillations increased in frequency and decreased in power with increasing stimulation intensity. As expected, weaker suppression of the gamma response correlated with sensory hypersensitivity. Robustness of this result was confirmed by its replication in the two samples: neurotypical subjects and people with autism, who had generally elevated sensory sensitivity. We conclude that intensity-related suppression of gamma response is a promising biomarker of homeostatic control of the excitation-inhibition balance in the visual cortex.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gamma oscillations facilitate information processing by shaping the excitatory input/output of neuronal populations. Recent studies in humans and nonhuman primates have shown that strong excitatory drive to the visual cortex leads to suppression of induced gamma oscillations, which may reflect inhibitory-based gain control of network excitation. The efficiency of the gain control measured through gamma oscillations may in turn affect sensory sensitivity in everyday life. To test this prediction, we assessed the link between self-reported sensitivity and changes in magneto-encephalographic gamma oscillations as a function of motion velocity of high-contrast visual gratings. The induced gamma oscillations increased in frequency and decreased in power with increasing stimulation intensity. As expected, weaker suppression of the gamma response correlated with sensory hypersensitivity. Robustness of this result was confirmed by its replication in the two samples: neurotypical subjects and people with autism, who had generally elevated sensory sensitivity. We conclude that intensity-related suppression of gamma response is a promising biomarker of homeostatic control of the excitation-inhibition balance in the visual cortex.
30.
Сайфулина, К. Э.; Лазарев, И. Е.; Чернышева, Е. Г.; Чернышев, Б. В. (2019). Связывание признаков в зрительной модальности зависит от внимания: анализ негативности рассогласования. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 69(1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1134/s004446771901009x
@article{Сайфулина2019,
title = {Связывание признаков в зрительной модальности зависит от внимания: анализ негативности рассогласования},
author = {К. Э. Сайфулина and И. Е. Лазарев and Е. Г. Чернышева and Б. В. Чернышев},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1134_s004446771901009x.pdf},
doi = {10.1134/s004446771901009x},
issn = {0044-4677},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-00},
urldate = {2019-01-00},
journal = {Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова},
volume = {69},
number = {1},
pages = {37-50},
publisher = {Российская академия наук},
abstract = {Исследование посвящено разрешению вопроса, необходимо ли внимание для связывания признаков в зрительной модальности. Испытуемые выполняли задачу на различение зрительных стимулов – решеток Габора, характеризовавшихся двумя признаками: пространственной частотой и углом наклона. Детекция девиантных стимулов на фоне стандартных была возможна исключительно по сочетанию признаков, но не по отдельным признакам. Анализировали вызванные потенциалы при четырех экспериментальных условиях: селективное внимание к целевому стимулу; селективное игнорирование нецелевого стимула; распределенное внимание ко всем зрительным стимулам; межмодальное отвлечение внимания от зрительной модальности к слуховой модальности. Негативность рассогласования достоверно присутствовала только в случае внимания к зрительным стимулам – как селективного, так и распределенного. Полученные результаты показали, что связывание признаков происходило лишь при условии внимания к зрительным стимулам.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Исследование посвящено разрешению вопроса, необходимо ли внимание для связывания признаков в зрительной модальности. Испытуемые выполняли задачу на различение зрительных стимулов – решеток Габора, характеризовавшихся двумя признаками: пространственной частотой и углом наклона. Детекция девиантных стимулов на фоне стандартных была возможна исключительно по сочетанию признаков, но не по отдельным признакам. Анализировали вызванные потенциалы при четырех экспериментальных условиях: селективное внимание к целевому стимулу; селективное игнорирование нецелевого стимула; распределенное внимание ко всем зрительным стимулам; межмодальное отвлечение внимания от зрительной модальности к слуховой модальности. Негативность рассогласования достоверно присутствовала только в случае внимания к зрительным стимулам – как селективного, так и распределенного. Полученные результаты показали, что связывание признаков происходило лишь при условии внимания к зрительным стимулам.
2018
29.
Уланов, М. А.; Штыров, Ю. Ю.; Строганова, Т. А. (2018). Транскраниальная микрополяризация как метод стимуляции восстановления речи у пациентов с постинсультной афазией. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова, 68(6), 703-718. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0044467718060114
@article{Ulanov2018,
title = {Транскраниальная микрополяризация как метод стимуляции восстановления речи у пациентов с постинсультной афазией},
author = {Уланов, М.А. and Штыров, Ю.Ю. and Строганова, Т.А.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1134_s0044467718060114.pdf},
doi = {10.1134/s0044467718060114},
issn = {0044-4677},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-00},
urldate = {2018-12-00},
journal = {Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова},
volume = {68},
number = {6},
pages = {703-718},
publisher = {Российская академия наук},
abstract = {В последние годы возможные терапевтические эффекты транскраниальной микрополяризации подробно изучались в работах, посвященных различным неврологическим патологиям. Изначально транскраниальная микрополяризация использовалась для восстановления двигательных функций у пациентов, перенесших инсульт. Позже она стала применяться в исследованиях пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера, Паркинсона, пациентов с
шизофренией, а также с постинсультной афазией. Последние обзоры результатов использования транскраниальной микрополяризации для восстановления речи у пациентов с
постинсультной афазией не приводят надежных доказательств ее эффективности. В работах по данной проблематике отсутствуют стандартные протоколы микрополяризации, пациенты объединяются в выборки по очень разнородным критериям, данные об исходах терапии чрезвычайно расходятся. В этом обзоре мы сосредоточились на индивидуальных
различиях эффектов микрополяризации у пациентов с постинсультной афазией и попытались раскрыть причины этих различий. Предположительно, они обусловлены разнообразием локализации поражений, степени речевых нарушений и стадий восстановления у пациентов с афазией. Современные теоретические модели описывают различные паттерны
мозговой активности, связанные с восстановлением речи при афазии. Следовательно, для
оптимального использования микрополяризации необходимо принимать во внимание
множество физиологических факторов. Исходя из этого, мы проанализировали результаты десяти исследований, использующих транскраниальную микрополяризацию для восстановления речи при постинсультной афазии. Также, основываясь на результатах нашего
анализа, мы обозначили направления для дальнейших исследований в этой стремительно
развивающейся области.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
В последние годы возможные терапевтические эффекты транскраниальной микрополяризации подробно изучались в работах, посвященных различным неврологическим патологиям. Изначально транскраниальная микрополяризация использовалась для восстановления двигательных функций у пациентов, перенесших инсульт. Позже она стала применяться в исследованиях пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера, Паркинсона, пациентов с
шизофренией, а также с постинсультной афазией. Последние обзоры результатов использования транскраниальной микрополяризации для восстановления речи у пациентов с
постинсультной афазией не приводят надежных доказательств ее эффективности. В работах по данной проблематике отсутствуют стандартные протоколы микрополяризации, пациенты объединяются в выборки по очень разнородным критериям, данные об исходах терапии чрезвычайно расходятся. В этом обзоре мы сосредоточились на индивидуальных
различиях эффектов микрополяризации у пациентов с постинсультной афазией и попытались раскрыть причины этих различий. Предположительно, они обусловлены разнообразием локализации поражений, степени речевых нарушений и стадий восстановления у пациентов с афазией. Современные теоретические модели описывают различные паттерны
мозговой активности, связанные с восстановлением речи при афазии. Следовательно, для
оптимального использования микрополяризации необходимо принимать во внимание
множество физиологических факторов. Исходя из этого, мы проанализировали результаты десяти исследований, использующих транскраниальную микрополяризацию для восстановления речи при постинсультной афазии. Также, основываясь на результатах нашего
анализа, мы обозначили направления для дальнейших исследований в этой стремительно
развивающейся области.
шизофренией, а также с постинсультной афазией. Последние обзоры результатов использования транскраниальной микрополяризации для восстановления речи у пациентов с
постинсультной афазией не приводят надежных доказательств ее эффективности. В работах по данной проблематике отсутствуют стандартные протоколы микрополяризации, пациенты объединяются в выборки по очень разнородным критериям, данные об исходах терапии чрезвычайно расходятся. В этом обзоре мы сосредоточились на индивидуальных
различиях эффектов микрополяризации у пациентов с постинсультной афазией и попытались раскрыть причины этих различий. Предположительно, они обусловлены разнообразием локализации поражений, степени речевых нарушений и стадий восстановления у пациентов с афазией. Современные теоретические модели описывают различные паттерны
мозговой активности, связанные с восстановлением речи при афазии. Следовательно, для
оптимального использования микрополяризации необходимо принимать во внимание
множество физиологических факторов. Исходя из этого, мы проанализировали результаты десяти исследований, использующих транскраниальную микрополяризацию для восстановления речи при постинсультной афазии. Также, основываясь на результатах нашего
анализа, мы обозначили направления для дальнейших исследований в этой стремительно
развивающейся области.