Orekhova Elena
Senior researcher
PhD in Psychology
Projects:
- Исследование нейрофизиологических биомаркеров расстройств аутистического спектра и других психических расстройств
- Механизмы нарушения слухоречевого восприятия при расстройствах аутистического спектра (РАС) и других нарушениях развития
Publications:
2025
26.
Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Artemenko, Ada R.; Petrokovskaia, Anastasiia V.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2025). Directional motion sensitivity in people with Visual Snow Syndrome is modulated by the presence of trailing-type palinopsia. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 66(4), 24. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.24
@article{nokey,
title = {Directional motion sensitivity in people with Visual Snow Syndrome is modulated by the presence of trailing-type palinopsia},
author = {Tatiana S. Obukhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Ada R. Artemenko and Anastasiia V. Petrokovskaia and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1167_iovs.66.4.24.pdf},
doi = {10.1167/iovs.66.4.24},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-02},
urldate = {2025-04-02},
journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
volume = {66},
number = {4},
pages = {24},
abstract = {Purpose: Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) is characterized by visual perceptual distortions, potentially linked to increased neural excitability and/or decreased inhibition in the visual cortex. If present, these putative physiological abnormalities may alter motion direction sensitivity. Trailing-type palinopsia (TTP), commonly associated with VSS, may further affect motion sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity to direction of motion and its dependence on stimulus size in patients with VSS using the Spatial Suppression paradigm.
Methods: We assessed motion duration discrimination thresholds for small (1 degree), medium (2.5 degrees), and large (12 degrees) high-contrast gratings in 23 patients with VSS and 27 healthy control participants. The Spatial Suppression Index (SSI) quantified size-dependent increases in duration thresholds. Visual Discomfort Questionnaire scores and VSS symptom ratings, including TTP, afterimages, photophobia, etc., were also collected.
Results: Patients with VSS reported higher visual discomfort and perceptual disturbances, but no group differences were found in duration thresholds or SSI. Notably, higher TTP scores were associated with lower duration thresholds, indicating a facilitatory effect of TTP on sensitivity to direction of motion.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that when VSS is regarded as a unified diagnostic category, it is not associated with impaired motion direction sensitivity or abnormal center-surround suppression. However, our preliminary results suggest that an absence or presence of comorbid TTP has a qualitatively different effect on directional sensitivity in patients with VSS. The facilitatory effect of TTP on motion sensitivity provides insight into the functional concomitants of TTP, and warrants further exploration, as it may significantly influence experimental outcomes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Purpose: Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) is characterized by visual perceptual distortions, potentially linked to increased neural excitability and/or decreased inhibition in the visual cortex. If present, these putative physiological abnormalities may alter motion direction sensitivity. Trailing-type palinopsia (TTP), commonly associated with VSS, may further affect motion sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity to direction of motion and its dependence on stimulus size in patients with VSS using the Spatial Suppression paradigm.
Methods: We assessed motion duration discrimination thresholds for small (1 degree), medium (2.5 degrees), and large (12 degrees) high-contrast gratings in 23 patients with VSS and 27 healthy control participants. The Spatial Suppression Index (SSI) quantified size-dependent increases in duration thresholds. Visual Discomfort Questionnaire scores and VSS symptom ratings, including TTP, afterimages, photophobia, etc., were also collected.
Results: Patients with VSS reported higher visual discomfort and perceptual disturbances, but no group differences were found in duration thresholds or SSI. Notably, higher TTP scores were associated with lower duration thresholds, indicating a facilitatory effect of TTP on sensitivity to direction of motion.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that when VSS is regarded as a unified diagnostic category, it is not associated with impaired motion direction sensitivity or abnormal center-surround suppression. However, our preliminary results suggest that an absence or presence of comorbid TTP has a qualitatively different effect on directional sensitivity in patients with VSS. The facilitatory effect of TTP on motion sensitivity provides insight into the functional concomitants of TTP, and warrants further exploration, as it may significantly influence experimental outcomes.
Methods: We assessed motion duration discrimination thresholds for small (1 degree), medium (2.5 degrees), and large (12 degrees) high-contrast gratings in 23 patients with VSS and 27 healthy control participants. The Spatial Suppression Index (SSI) quantified size-dependent increases in duration thresholds. Visual Discomfort Questionnaire scores and VSS symptom ratings, including TTP, afterimages, photophobia, etc., were also collected.
Results: Patients with VSS reported higher visual discomfort and perceptual disturbances, but no group differences were found in duration thresholds or SSI. Notably, higher TTP scores were associated with lower duration thresholds, indicating a facilitatory effect of TTP on sensitivity to direction of motion.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that when VSS is regarded as a unified diagnostic category, it is not associated with impaired motion direction sensitivity or abnormal center-surround suppression. However, our preliminary results suggest that an absence or presence of comorbid TTP has a qualitatively different effect on directional sensitivity in patients with VSS. The facilitatory effect of TTP on motion sensitivity provides insight into the functional concomitants of TTP, and warrants further exploration, as it may significantly influence experimental outcomes.
2024
25.
Fadeev, Kirill A.; Romero Reyes, Ilacai V.; Goiaeva, Dzerassa E.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Ovsiannikova, Tatiana M.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Rytikova, Anna M.; Novikov, Artem Y.; Kozunov, Vladimir V.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2024). Attenuated processing of vowels in the left temporal cortex predicts speech-in-noise perception deficit in children with autism. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-024-09585-2
@article{Fadeev2024,
title = {Attenuated processing of vowels in the left temporal cortex predicts speech-in-noise perception deficit in children with autism},
author = {Kirill A. Fadeev and Romero Reyes, Ilacai V. and Dzerassa E. Goiaeva and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Tatiana M. Ovsiannikova and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Anna M. Rytikova and Artem Y. Novikov and Vladimir V. Kozunov and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_s11689-024-09585-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/s11689-024-09585-2},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-12-06},
urldate = {2024-12-06},
journal = {Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
Difficulties with speech-in-noise perception in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be associated with impaired analysis of speech sounds, such as vowels, which represent the fundamental phoneme constituents of human speech. Vowels elicit early (< 100 ms) sustained processing negativity (SPN) in the auditory cortex that reflects the detection of an acoustic pattern based on the presence of formant structure and/or periodic envelope information (f0) and its transformation into an auditory “object”.
Methods
We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and individual brain models to investigate whether SPN is altered in children with ASD and whether this deficit is associated with impairment in their ability to perceive speech in the background of noise. MEG was recorded while boys with ASD and typically developing boys passively listened to sounds that differed in the presence/absence of f0 periodicity and formant structure. Word-in-noise perception was assessed in the separate psychoacoustic experiment using stationary and amplitude modulated noise with varying signal-to-noise ratio.
Results
SPN was present in both groups with similarly early onset. In children with ASD, SPN associated with processing formant structure was reduced predominantly in the cortical areas lateral to and medial to the primary auditory cortex, starting at ~ 150—200 ms after the stimulus onset. In the left hemisphere, this deficit correlated with impaired ability of children with ASD to recognize words in amplitude-modulated noise, but not in stationary noise.
Conclusions
These results suggest that perceptual grouping of vowel formants into phonemes is impaired in children with ASD and that, in the left hemisphere, this deficit contributes to their difficulties with speech perception in fluctuating background noise.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Difficulties with speech-in-noise perception in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be associated with impaired analysis of speech sounds, such as vowels, which represent the fundamental phoneme constituents of human speech. Vowels elicit early (< 100 ms) sustained processing negativity (SPN) in the auditory cortex that reflects the detection of an acoustic pattern based on the presence of formant structure and/or periodic envelope information (f0) and its transformation into an auditory “object”.
Methods
We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and individual brain models to investigate whether SPN is altered in children with ASD and whether this deficit is associated with impairment in their ability to perceive speech in the background of noise. MEG was recorded while boys with ASD and typically developing boys passively listened to sounds that differed in the presence/absence of f0 periodicity and formant structure. Word-in-noise perception was assessed in the separate psychoacoustic experiment using stationary and amplitude modulated noise with varying signal-to-noise ratio.
Results
SPN was present in both groups with similarly early onset. In children with ASD, SPN associated with processing formant structure was reduced predominantly in the cortical areas lateral to and medial to the primary auditory cortex, starting at ~ 150—200 ms after the stimulus onset. In the left hemisphere, this deficit correlated with impaired ability of children with ASD to recognize words in amplitude-modulated noise, but not in stationary noise.
Conclusions
These results suggest that perceptual grouping of vowel formants into phonemes is impaired in children with ASD and that, in the left hemisphere, this deficit contributes to their difficulties with speech perception in fluctuating background noise.
Difficulties with speech-in-noise perception in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be associated with impaired analysis of speech sounds, such as vowels, which represent the fundamental phoneme constituents of human speech. Vowels elicit early (< 100 ms) sustained processing negativity (SPN) in the auditory cortex that reflects the detection of an acoustic pattern based on the presence of formant structure and/or periodic envelope information (f0) and its transformation into an auditory “object”.
Methods
We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and individual brain models to investigate whether SPN is altered in children with ASD and whether this deficit is associated with impairment in their ability to perceive speech in the background of noise. MEG was recorded while boys with ASD and typically developing boys passively listened to sounds that differed in the presence/absence of f0 periodicity and formant structure. Word-in-noise perception was assessed in the separate psychoacoustic experiment using stationary and amplitude modulated noise with varying signal-to-noise ratio.
Results
SPN was present in both groups with similarly early onset. In children with ASD, SPN associated with processing formant structure was reduced predominantly in the cortical areas lateral to and medial to the primary auditory cortex, starting at ~ 150—200 ms after the stimulus onset. In the left hemisphere, this deficit correlated with impaired ability of children with ASD to recognize words in amplitude-modulated noise, but not in stationary noise.
Conclusions
These results suggest that perceptual grouping of vowel formants into phonemes is impaired in children with ASD and that, in the left hemisphere, this deficit contributes to their difficulties with speech perception in fluctuating background noise.
24.
Sarovic, Darko; Schneiderman, Justin; Lundström, Sebastian; Riaz, Bushra; Orekhova, Elena; Khan, Sheraz; Gillberg, Christopher (2024). Differential late-stage face processing in autism: a magnetoencephalographic study of fusiform gyrus activation. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1), 900. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06400-z
@article{Sarovic2024,
title = {Differential late-stage face processing in autism: a magnetoencephalographic study of fusiform gyrus activation},
author = {Darko Sarovic and Justin Schneiderman and Sebastian Lundström and Bushra Riaz and Elena Orekhova and Sheraz Khan and Christopher Gillberg},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_s12888-024-06400-z.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/s12888-024-06400-z},
issn = {1471-244X},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-12-00},
urldate = {2024-12-00},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {900},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
Autism is associated with alterations of social communication, such as during face-to-face interactions. This study aimed to probe face processing in autistics with normal IQ utilizing magnetoencephalography to examine event-related fields within the fusiform gyrus during face perception.
Methods
A case–control cohort of 22 individuals diagnosed with autism and 20 age-matched controls (all male, age 29.3 ± 6.9 years) underwent magnetoencephalographic scanning during an active task while observing neutral faces, face-like pareidolic objects, and non-face objects. The fusiform face area was identified using a face localizer for each participant, and the cortical activation pattern was normalized onto an average brain for subsequent analysis.
Results
Early post-stimulus activation amplitudes (before 100–200 ms) indicated differentiation between stimuli containing fundamental facial features and non-face objects in both groups. In contrast, later activation (400–550 ms) differentiated real faces from both pareidolic and non-face objects across both groups and faces from objects in controls but not in autistics. There was no effect of autistic-like traits.
Conclusions
The absence of group differences in early activation suggest intact face detection in autistics possessing a normal IQ. Later activation captures a greater degree of the complexity and social information from actual faces. Although both groups distinguished faces from pareidolic and non-face objects, the control group exhibited a slightly heightened differentiation at this latency, indicating a potential disadvantage for autistics in real face processing. The subtle difference in late-stage face processing observed in autistic individuals may reflect specific cognitive mechanisms related to face perception in autism.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Autism is associated with alterations of social communication, such as during face-to-face interactions. This study aimed to probe face processing in autistics with normal IQ utilizing magnetoencephalography to examine event-related fields within the fusiform gyrus during face perception.
Methods
A case–control cohort of 22 individuals diagnosed with autism and 20 age-matched controls (all male, age 29.3 ± 6.9 years) underwent magnetoencephalographic scanning during an active task while observing neutral faces, face-like pareidolic objects, and non-face objects. The fusiform face area was identified using a face localizer for each participant, and the cortical activation pattern was normalized onto an average brain for subsequent analysis.
Results
Early post-stimulus activation amplitudes (before 100–200 ms) indicated differentiation between stimuli containing fundamental facial features and non-face objects in both groups. In contrast, later activation (400–550 ms) differentiated real faces from both pareidolic and non-face objects across both groups and faces from objects in controls but not in autistics. There was no effect of autistic-like traits.
Conclusions
The absence of group differences in early activation suggest intact face detection in autistics possessing a normal IQ. Later activation captures a greater degree of the complexity and social information from actual faces. Although both groups distinguished faces from pareidolic and non-face objects, the control group exhibited a slightly heightened differentiation at this latency, indicating a potential disadvantage for autistics in real face processing. The subtle difference in late-stage face processing observed in autistic individuals may reflect specific cognitive mechanisms related to face perception in autism.
Autism is associated with alterations of social communication, such as during face-to-face interactions. This study aimed to probe face processing in autistics with normal IQ utilizing magnetoencephalography to examine event-related fields within the fusiform gyrus during face perception.
Methods
A case–control cohort of 22 individuals diagnosed with autism and 20 age-matched controls (all male, age 29.3 ± 6.9 years) underwent magnetoencephalographic scanning during an active task while observing neutral faces, face-like pareidolic objects, and non-face objects. The fusiform face area was identified using a face localizer for each participant, and the cortical activation pattern was normalized onto an average brain for subsequent analysis.
Results
Early post-stimulus activation amplitudes (before 100–200 ms) indicated differentiation between stimuli containing fundamental facial features and non-face objects in both groups. In contrast, later activation (400–550 ms) differentiated real faces from both pareidolic and non-face objects across both groups and faces from objects in controls but not in autistics. There was no effect of autistic-like traits.
Conclusions
The absence of group differences in early activation suggest intact face detection in autistics possessing a normal IQ. Later activation captures a greater degree of the complexity and social information from actual faces. Although both groups distinguished faces from pareidolic and non-face objects, the control group exhibited a slightly heightened differentiation at this latency, indicating a potential disadvantage for autistics in real face processing. The subtle difference in late-stage face processing observed in autistic individuals may reflect specific cognitive mechanisms related to face perception in autism.
23.
Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2024). Changes in high-frequency aperiodic 1/f slope and periodic activity reflect post-stimulus functional inhibition in the visual cortex. Imaging Neuroscience, 2, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00146
@article{Manyukhina2024,
title = {Changes in high-frequency aperiodic 1/f slope and periodic activity reflect post-stimulus functional inhibition in the visual cortex},
author = {Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1162_imag_a_00146.pdf},
doi = {10.1162/imag_a_00146},
issn = {2837-6056},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-04-10},
urldate = {2024-04-10},
journal = {Imaging Neuroscience},
volume = {2},
pages = {1-24},
publisher = {MIT Press},
abstract = {It has been shown that cessation of intensive sensory stimulation is associated with a transient increase in functional inhibition in the sensory cortical areas. However, the electrophysiological correlates of this post-stimulus inhibition in the human brain have not been thoroughly investigated. To investigate post-stimulus inhibition, we analyzed magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recorded at rest and after cessation of visual stimulation of varying intensity (high-contrast gratings drifting at a slow, medium, or high rate) in 25 healthy women aged 18–40 years. We analyzed condition- and intensity-related changes in MEG parameters sensitive to functional inhibition: periodic alpha-beta power, peak alpha frequency (PAF), and 1/f aperiodic slope. We also investigated the association of these parameters with sensory sensitivity and avoidance assessed by a questionnaire. To evaluate the influence of hormonal status on the studied parameters, participants were examined twice, during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). Regardless of the MC phase, increasing drift rate of visual gratings resulted in a proportional increase of post-stimulus posterior alpha-beta power, PAF, and a negative shift of the aperiodic (1/f) slope of the power spectrum in the high-frequency range. Compared to rest, the post-stimulus periods were characterized by higher PAF, more negative 1/f slope in posterior cortical areas, and a widespread increase in beta power. While condition- and drift-rate-dependent modulations of alpha-beta power and 1/f slope were correlated, changes in PAF did not correlate with either of them. A greater intensity-dependent increase in visual alpha-beta power predicted higher subjective sensory sensitivity/avoidance, suggesting stronger regulatory top-down modulation of the visual cortex in individuals with heightened sensitivity. Our results show that several MEG parameters concordantly indicate a post-stimulus enhancement of inhibition that is proportional to the intensity of the preceding visual stimulation. While post-stimulus changes in alpha-beta power and 1/f slope may share some common mechanisms, changes in PAF reflect a distinct aspect of inhibitory regulation. Our results inform potential inhibition-based biomarkers for clinical and translational research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It has been shown that cessation of intensive sensory stimulation is associated with a transient increase in functional inhibition in the sensory cortical areas. However, the electrophysiological correlates of this post-stimulus inhibition in the human brain have not been thoroughly investigated. To investigate post-stimulus inhibition, we analyzed magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recorded at rest and after cessation of visual stimulation of varying intensity (high-contrast gratings drifting at a slow, medium, or high rate) in 25 healthy women aged 18–40 years. We analyzed condition- and intensity-related changes in MEG parameters sensitive to functional inhibition: periodic alpha-beta power, peak alpha frequency (PAF), and 1/f aperiodic slope. We also investigated the association of these parameters with sensory sensitivity and avoidance assessed by a questionnaire. To evaluate the influence of hormonal status on the studied parameters, participants were examined twice, during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). Regardless of the MC phase, increasing drift rate of visual gratings resulted in a proportional increase of post-stimulus posterior alpha-beta power, PAF, and a negative shift of the aperiodic (1/f) slope of the power spectrum in the high-frequency range. Compared to rest, the post-stimulus periods were characterized by higher PAF, more negative 1/f slope in posterior cortical areas, and a widespread increase in beta power. While condition- and drift-rate-dependent modulations of alpha-beta power and 1/f slope were correlated, changes in PAF did not correlate with either of them. A greater intensity-dependent increase in visual alpha-beta power predicted higher subjective sensory sensitivity/avoidance, suggesting stronger regulatory top-down modulation of the visual cortex in individuals with heightened sensitivity. Our results show that several MEG parameters concordantly indicate a post-stimulus enhancement of inhibition that is proportional to the intensity of the preceding visual stimulation. While post-stimulus changes in alpha-beta power and 1/f slope may share some common mechanisms, changes in PAF reflect a distinct aspect of inhibitory regulation. Our results inform potential inhibition-based biomarkers for clinical and translational research.
2023
22.
Фадеев, К. А.; Орехова, Е. В. (2023). Центральные слуховые расстройства: причины, симптомы и способы преодоления дефицита в условиях учебного процесса. Современная зарубежная психология, 12(4), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2023120401
@article{Fadeev2024b,
title = {Центральные слуховые расстройства: причины, симптомы и способы преодоления дефицита в условиях учебного процесса},
author = {Фадеев, К.А. and Орехова, Е.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.17759_jmfp.2023120401.pdf},
doi = {10.17759/jmfp.2023120401},
issn = {2304-4977},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-12-22},
urldate = {2023-12-22},
journal = {Современная зарубежная психология},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {7-21},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
abstract = {Центральные слуховые расстройства (ЦСР) — это нарушения способности распознавать звуки, локализовать их источники и/или определять их идентичность и значение вследствие функциональных нарушений центральной слуховой системы. ЦСР может наблюдаться у людей с нормальным уровнем слуха и не является следствием высокоуровневых речевых или когнитивных нарушений. Эти расстройства мало знакомы отечественным специалистам в области коррекционной психологии, в то время как, согласно зарубежным источникам, оно наблюдается у 2—7% школьников и часто сочетается с другими нарушениями развития (дислексия, нарушения развития речи, РАС, СДВГ). В обзоре кратко описаны современные представления о ЦСР: причинах его возникновения, симптомах, подходах к диагностике. В частности, мы обращаем внимание читателей на недостаточную разработанность отечественных инструментов и практик диагностики ЦСР. Далее мы рассматриваем современные подходы к коррекции ЦСР, обращая особое внимание на ассистивные технологии, улучшающие соотношение «сигнал/шум» (FM-систем). Имеющиеся в литературе данные свидетельствуют о том, что кроме непосредственного эффекта (улучшение понимания речи), FM-системы, при их достаточно продолжительном использовании, оказывают положительный отсроченный эффект, основанный на механизмах нейронной пластичности.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Центральные слуховые расстройства (ЦСР) — это нарушения способности распознавать звуки, локализовать их источники и/или определять их идентичность и значение вследствие функциональных нарушений центральной слуховой системы. ЦСР может наблюдаться у людей с нормальным уровнем слуха и не является следствием высокоуровневых речевых или когнитивных нарушений. Эти расстройства мало знакомы отечественным специалистам в области коррекционной психологии, в то время как, согласно зарубежным источникам, оно наблюдается у 2—7% школьников и часто сочетается с другими нарушениями развития (дислексия, нарушения развития речи, РАС, СДВГ). В обзоре кратко описаны современные представления о ЦСР: причинах его возникновения, симптомах, подходах к диагностике. В частности, мы обращаем внимание читателей на недостаточную разработанность отечественных инструментов и практик диагностики ЦСР. Далее мы рассматриваем современные подходы к коррекции ЦСР, обращая особое внимание на ассистивные технологии, улучшающие соотношение «сигнал/шум» (FM-систем). Имеющиеся в литературе данные свидетельствуют о том, что кроме непосредственного эффекта (улучшение понимания речи), FM-системы, при их достаточно продолжительном использовании, оказывают положительный отсроченный эффект, основанный на механизмах нейронной пластичности.
21.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Fadeev, Kirill A.; Goiaeva, Dzerassa E.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Ovsiannikova, Tatiana M.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2023). Different hemispheric lateralization for periodicity and formant structure of vowels in the auditory cortex and its changes between childhood and adulthood. Cortex, 171, 287-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.020
Abstract | PDF (preprint) | BibTeX
@article{Orekhova2024,
title = {Different hemispheric lateralization for periodicity and formant structure of vowels in the auditory cortex and its changes between childhood and adulthood},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Kirill A. Fadeev and Dzerassa E. Goiaeva and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Tatiana M. Ovsiannikova and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519561v2.full.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.020},
issn = {0010-9452},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-11-19},
urldate = {2023-11-19},
journal = {Cortex},
volume = {171},
pages = {287-307},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {The spectral formant structure and periodicity pitch are the major features that determine the identity of vowels and the characteristics of the speaker. However, very little is known about how the processing of these features in the auditory cortex changes during development. To address this question, we independently manipulated the periodicity and formant structure of vowels while measuring auditory cortex responses using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in children aged 7–12 years and adults. We analyzed the sustained negative shift of source current associated with these vowel properties, which was present in the auditory cortex in both age groups despite differences in the transient components of the auditory response. In adults, the sustained activation associated with formant structure was lateralized to the left hemisphere early in the auditory processing stream requiring neither attention nor semantic mapping. This lateralization was not yet established in children, in whom the right hemisphere contribution to formant processing was strong and decreased during or after puberty. In contrast to the formant structure, periodicity was associated with a greater response in the right hemisphere in both children and adults. These findings suggest that left-lateralization for the automatic processing of vowel formant structure emerges relatively late in ontogenesis and pose a serious challenge to current theories of hemispheric specialization for speech processing.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The spectral formant structure and periodicity pitch are the major features that determine the identity of vowels and the characteristics of the speaker. However, very little is known about how the processing of these features in the auditory cortex changes during development. To address this question, we independently manipulated the periodicity and formant structure of vowels while measuring auditory cortex responses using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in children aged 7–12 years and adults. We analyzed the sustained negative shift of source current associated with these vowel properties, which was present in the auditory cortex in both age groups despite differences in the transient components of the auditory response. In adults, the sustained activation associated with formant structure was lateralized to the left hemisphere early in the auditory processing stream requiring neither attention nor semantic mapping. This lateralization was not yet established in children, in whom the right hemisphere contribution to formant processing was strong and decreased during or after puberty. In contrast to the formant structure, periodicity was associated with a greater response in the right hemisphere in both children and adults. These findings suggest that left-lateralization for the automatic processing of vowel formant structure emerges relatively late in ontogenesis and pose a serious challenge to current theories of hemispheric specialization for speech processing.
20.
Фадеев, К. А.; Гояева, Д. Э.; Обухова, Т. С.; Овсянникова, Т. М.; Шведовский, Е. Ф.; Николаева, А. Ю.; Давыдова, Е. Ю.; Строганова, Т. А.; Орехова, Е. В. (2023). Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта. Клиническая и специальная психология, 12(1), 180-212. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2023120108
@article{Fadeev2023,
title = {Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта},
author = {Фадеев, К.А. and Гояева, Д.Э. and Обухова, Т.С. and Овсянникова, Т.М. and Шведовский, Е.Ф. and Николаева, А.Ю. and Давыдова, Е.Ю. and Строганова, Т.А. and Орехова, Е.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.17759_cpse.2023120108.pdf},
doi = {10.17759/cpse.2023120108},
issn = {2304-0394},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-10},
urldate = {2023-04-10},
journal = {Клиническая и специальная психология},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {180-212},
publisher = {Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет},
abstract = {Известно, что детям с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) сложнее, чем типично развивающимся сверстникам, понимать речь в шумной обстановке. В основе такого нарушения могут лежать снижение помехоустойчивости и/или трудности интеграции фрагментов речи, расслышанных в интервалах, которые имеются в окружающих шумах. Мы исследовали роль этих факторов в восприятии слов на фоне шума у детей с РАС с широким спектром интеллектуальных способностей. Выборку составили 42 ребенка с РАС и 38 типично развивающихся детей 7–12 лет. Детям предлагалось повторять двусложные слова, предъявляемые на фоне шума. Использовалось два типа маскировки: стационарный шум и шум, модулированный по амплитуде. Уровень интеллекта оценивался с помощью Батареи тестов Кауфмана для детей (KABC-II). Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что дети с РАС хуже, чем типично развивающиеся дети, распознавали слова на фоне стационарного шума, т.е. имели сниженную помехоустойчивость. Даже после поправки на помехоустойчивость, наличие интервалов сниженной интенсивности в шуме, модулированном по амплитуде, в меньшей степени улучшало распознавание слов у детей с РАС, чем у типично развивающихся детей (F(1,75)=18,57, p<0,001). Ни успешность восприятия слов на фоне стационарного шума, ни способность использовать для распознавания интервалы низкой интенсивности шума не коррелировали у детей с РАС с уровнем интеллекта (коэффициент Спирмена, все p>0,80). Трудности восприятия зашумленной речи у детей с РАС не зависят напрямую от уровня их когнитивных способностей и связаны как с низкой помехоустойчивостью, так и слабыми возможностями временной интеграции фонем в слова.
Портал психологических изданий PsyJournals.ru — https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2023_n1/Fadeev_et_al [Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта // Клиническая и специальная психология — 2023. Том 12. № 1]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Известно, что детям с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) сложнее, чем типично развивающимся сверстникам, понимать речь в шумной обстановке. В основе такого нарушения могут лежать снижение помехоустойчивости и/или трудности интеграции фрагментов речи, расслышанных в интервалах, которые имеются в окружающих шумах. Мы исследовали роль этих факторов в восприятии слов на фоне шума у детей с РАС с широким спектром интеллектуальных способностей. Выборку составили 42 ребенка с РАС и 38 типично развивающихся детей 7–12 лет. Детям предлагалось повторять двусложные слова, предъявляемые на фоне шума. Использовалось два типа маскировки: стационарный шум и шум, модулированный по амплитуде. Уровень интеллекта оценивался с помощью Батареи тестов Кауфмана для детей (KABC-II). Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что дети с РАС хуже, чем типично развивающиеся дети, распознавали слова на фоне стационарного шума, т.е. имели сниженную помехоустойчивость. Даже после поправки на помехоустойчивость, наличие интервалов сниженной интенсивности в шуме, модулированном по амплитуде, в меньшей степени улучшало распознавание слов у детей с РАС, чем у типично развивающихся детей (F(1,75)=18,57, p<0,001). Ни успешность восприятия слов на фоне стационарного шума, ни способность использовать для распознавания интервалы низкой интенсивности шума не коррелировали у детей с РАС с уровнем интеллекта (коэффициент Спирмена, все p>0,80). Трудности восприятия зашумленной речи у детей с РАС не зависят напрямую от уровня их когнитивных способностей и связаны как с низкой помехоустойчивостью, так и слабыми возможностями временной интеграции фонем в слова.
Портал психологических изданий PsyJournals.ru — https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2023_n1/Fadeev_et_al [Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта // Клиническая и специальная психология — 2023. Том 12. № 1]
Портал психологических изданий PsyJournals.ru — https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2023_n1/Fadeev_et_al [Трудности с восприятием речи на фоне шума у детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра не связаны с уровнем их интеллекта // Клиническая и специальная психология — 2023. Том 12. № 1]
19.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Galuta, Ilia A.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Goiaeva, Dzerassa E.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Fadeev, Kirill A.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2023). Gamma oscillations point to the role of primary visual cortex in atypical motion processing in autism. PLoS ONE, 18(2), e0281531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281531
@article{Orekhova2023,
title = {Gamma oscillations point to the role of primary visual cortex in atypical motion processing in autism},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Ilia A. Galuta and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Dzerassa E. Goiaeva and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Kirill A. Fadeev and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
editor = {Mehdi Adibi},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1371_journal.pone.0281531.pdf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0281531},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-13},
urldate = {2023-02-13},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {e0281531},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {Neurophysiological studies suggest that abnormal neural inhibition may explain a range of sensory processing differences in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, the impaired ability of people with ASD to visually discriminate the motion direction of small-size objects and their reduced perceptual suppression of background-like visual motion may stem from deficient surround inhibition within the primary visual cortex (V1) and/or its atypical top-down modulation by higher-tier cortical areas. In this study, we estimate the contribution of abnormal surround inhibition to the motion-processing deficit in ASD. For this purpose, we used a putative correlate of surround inhibition–suppression of the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) gamma response (GR) caused by an increase in the drift rate of a large annular high-contrast grating. The motion direction discrimination thresholds for the gratings of different angular sizes (1° and 12°) were assessed in a separate psychophysical paradigm. The MEG data were collected in 42 boys with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7–15 years. Psychophysical data were available in 33 and 34 of these participants, respectively. The results showed that the GR suppression in V1 was reduced in boys with ASD, while their ability to detect the direction of motion was compromised only in the case of small stimuli. In TD boys, the GR suppression directly correlated with perceptual suppression caused by increasing stimulus size, thus suggesting the role of the top-down modulations of V1 in surround inhibition. In ASD, weaker GR suppression was associated with the poor directional sensitivity to small stimuli, but not with perceptual suppression. These results strongly suggest that a local inhibitory deficit in V1 plays an important role in the reduction of directional sensitivity in ASD and that this perceptual deficit cannot be explained exclusively by atypical top-down modulation of V1 by higher-tier cortical areas.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Neurophysiological studies suggest that abnormal neural inhibition may explain a range of sensory processing differences in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, the impaired ability of people with ASD to visually discriminate the motion direction of small-size objects and their reduced perceptual suppression of background-like visual motion may stem from deficient surround inhibition within the primary visual cortex (V1) and/or its atypical top-down modulation by higher-tier cortical areas. In this study, we estimate the contribution of abnormal surround inhibition to the motion-processing deficit in ASD. For this purpose, we used a putative correlate of surround inhibition–suppression of the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) gamma response (GR) caused by an increase in the drift rate of a large annular high-contrast grating. The motion direction discrimination thresholds for the gratings of different angular sizes (1° and 12°) were assessed in a separate psychophysical paradigm. The MEG data were collected in 42 boys with ASD and 37 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7–15 years. Psychophysical data were available in 33 and 34 of these participants, respectively. The results showed that the GR suppression in V1 was reduced in boys with ASD, while their ability to detect the direction of motion was compromised only in the case of small stimuli. In TD boys, the GR suppression directly correlated with perceptual suppression caused by increasing stimulus size, thus suggesting the role of the top-down modulations of V1 in surround inhibition. In ASD, weaker GR suppression was associated with the poor directional sensitivity to small stimuli, but not with perceptual suppression. These results strongly suggest that a local inhibitory deficit in V1 plays an important role in the reduction of directional sensitivity in ASD and that this perceptual deficit cannot be explained exclusively by atypical top-down modulation of V1 by higher-tier cortical areas.
2022
18.
Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Orekhova, Elena V.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2022). Altered visual cortex excitability in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence from magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations and perceptual suppression. PLoS ONE, 17(12), e0279868. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279868
@article{Manyukhina2022,
title = {Altered visual cortex excitability in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence from magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations and perceptual suppression},
author = {Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Elena V. Orekhova and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
editor = {Thiago P. Fernandes},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1371_journal.pone.0279868.pdf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0279868},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-30},
urldate = {2022-12-30},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e0279868},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by extreme mood shifts during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) due to abnormal sensitivity to neurosteroids and unbalanced neural excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratio. We hypothesized that in women with PMDD in the luteal phase, these factors would alter the frequency of magnetoencephalographic visual gamma oscillations, affect modulation of their power by excitatory drive, and decrease perceptual spatial suppression. Women with PMDD and control women were examined twice–during the follicular and luteal phases of their MC. We recorded visual gamma response (GR) while modulating the excitatory drive by increasing the drift rate of the high-contrast grating (static, ‘slow’, ‘medium’, and ‘fast’). Contrary to our expectations, GR frequency was not affected in women with PMDD in either phase of the MC. GR power suppression, which is normally associated with a switch from the ‘optimal’ for GR slow drift rate to the medium drift rate, was reduced in women with PMDD and was the only GR parameter that distinguished them from control participants specifically in the luteal phase and predicted severity of their premenstrual symptoms. Over and above the atypical luteal GR suppression, in both phases of the MC women with PMDD had abnormally strong GR facilitation caused by a switch from the ‘suboptimal’ static to the ‘optimal’ slow drift rate. Perceptual spatial suppression did not differ between the groups but decreased from the follicular to the luteal phase only in PMDD women. The atypical modulation of GR power suggests that neuronal excitability in the visual cortex is constitutively elevated in PMDD and that this E/I imbalance is further exacerbated during the luteal phase. However, the unaltered GR frequency does not support the hypothesis of inhibitory neuron dysfunction in PMDD.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by extreme mood shifts during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) due to abnormal sensitivity to neurosteroids and unbalanced neural excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratio. We hypothesized that in women with PMDD in the luteal phase, these factors would alter the frequency of magnetoencephalographic visual gamma oscillations, affect modulation of their power by excitatory drive, and decrease perceptual spatial suppression. Women with PMDD and control women were examined twice–during the follicular and luteal phases of their MC. We recorded visual gamma response (GR) while modulating the excitatory drive by increasing the drift rate of the high-contrast grating (static, ‘slow’, ‘medium’, and ‘fast’). Contrary to our expectations, GR frequency was not affected in women with PMDD in either phase of the MC. GR power suppression, which is normally associated with a switch from the ‘optimal’ for GR slow drift rate to the medium drift rate, was reduced in women with PMDD and was the only GR parameter that distinguished them from control participants specifically in the luteal phase and predicted severity of their premenstrual symptoms. Over and above the atypical luteal GR suppression, in both phases of the MC women with PMDD had abnormally strong GR facilitation caused by a switch from the ‘suboptimal’ static to the ‘optimal’ slow drift rate. Perceptual spatial suppression did not differ between the groups but decreased from the follicular to the luteal phase only in PMDD women. The atypical modulation of GR power suggests that neuronal excitability in the visual cortex is constitutively elevated in PMDD and that this E/I imbalance is further exacerbated during the luteal phase. However, the unaltered GR frequency does not support the hypothesis of inhibitory neuron dysfunction in PMDD.
17.
Stroganova, T. A.; Komarov, K. S.; Goiaeva, D. E.; Obukhova, T. S.; Ovsiannikova, T. M.; Prokofyev, A. O.; Orekhova, E. V. (2022). Effects of the Periodicity and Vowelness of Sounds on Auditory Cortex Responses in Children. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 52(3), 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-022-01253-z
@article{Stroganova2022,
title = {Effects of the Periodicity and Vowelness of Sounds on Auditory Cortex Responses in Children},
author = {T. A. Stroganova and K. S. Komarov and D. E. Goiaeva and T. S. Obukhova and T. M. Ovsiannikova and A. O. Prokofyev and E. V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s11055-022-01253-z.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s11055-022-01253-z},
issn = {1573-899X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-06-07},
urldate = {2022-06-07},
journal = {Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {395-404},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {The mechanisms of the human brain decoding speech sounds are of fundamental and applied interest in many areas of neuroscience. This study addresses the roles of periodicity and the speech nature (fixed formant structure) of vowel sounds in modulating auditory cortex activity in typically developing children. We proposed that both of these characteristics are typical of the vowel sounds of speech and that they are processed by different neural networks in the auditory cortex. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a set of acoustic stimuli by manipulating their periodicity and vowelness separately and used magnetoencephalography combined with individual models of the cortical surface to evaluate the cortical topography of the sources of auditory cortex responses and their strengths. The cohort consisted of nine typically developing children aged 7–12 years. We found that early auditory cortex responses (50–150 msec after stimulus onset) were highly sensitive to both the periodicity and vowelness of sounds, with independent tuning of neural networks to each of these properties of speech sounds. Differences in the locations, time dynamics, and hemisphere asymmetry of these differential responses indicated that “sound vowelness zones” in the temporal cortex constitute the earliest level in the speech information processing hierarchy at which processing of the acoustic properties of a periodic signal is transformed into decoding of speech sounds. These results allow the specific features and roles of possible impairments to the processing of the low-level properties of speech sounds and difficulties in speech perception in children with pervasive developmental disorders to be evaluated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The mechanisms of the human brain decoding speech sounds are of fundamental and applied interest in many areas of neuroscience. This study addresses the roles of periodicity and the speech nature (fixed formant structure) of vowel sounds in modulating auditory cortex activity in typically developing children. We proposed that both of these characteristics are typical of the vowel sounds of speech and that they are processed by different neural networks in the auditory cortex. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a set of acoustic stimuli by manipulating their periodicity and vowelness separately and used magnetoencephalography combined with individual models of the cortical surface to evaluate the cortical topography of the sources of auditory cortex responses and their strengths. The cohort consisted of nine typically developing children aged 7–12 years. We found that early auditory cortex responses (50–150 msec after stimulus onset) were highly sensitive to both the periodicity and vowelness of sounds, with independent tuning of neural networks to each of these properties of speech sounds. Differences in the locations, time dynamics, and hemisphere asymmetry of these differential responses indicated that “sound vowelness zones” in the temporal cortex constitute the earliest level in the speech information processing hierarchy at which processing of the acoustic properties of a periodic signal is transformed into decoding of speech sounds. These results allow the specific features and roles of possible impairments to the processing of the low-level properties of speech sounds and difficulties in speech perception in children with pervasive developmental disorders to be evaluated.
16.
Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Galuta, Ilia A.; Goiaeva, Dzerassa E.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Altukhov, Dmitrii I.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2022). Globally elevated excitation–inhibition ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and below-average intelligence. Molecular Autism, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00498-2
@article{Manyukhina2022b,
title = {Globally elevated excitation–inhibition ratio in children with autism spectrum disorder and below-average intelligence},
author = {Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Ilia A. Galuta and Dzerassa E. Goiaeva and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Justin F. Schneiderman and Dmitrii I. Altukhov and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_s13229-022-00498-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/s13229-022-00498-2},
issn = {2040-2392},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-12},
urldate = {2022-05-12},
journal = {Molecular Autism},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
Altered neuronal excitation–inhibition (E–I) balance is strongly implicated in ASD. However, it is not known whether the direction and degree of changes in the E–I ratio in individuals with ASD correlates with intellectual disability often associated with this developmental disorder. The spectral slope of the aperiodic 1/f activity reflects the E–I balance at the scale of large neuronal populations and may uncover its putative alternations in individuals with ASD with and without intellectual disability.
Methods
Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test whether the 1/f slope would differentiate ASD children with average and below–average (< 85) IQ. MEG was recorded at rest with eyes open/closed in 49 boys with ASD aged 6–15 years with IQ ranging from 54 to 128, and in 49 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys. The cortical source activity was estimated using the beamformer approach and individual brain models. We then extracted the 1/f slope by fitting a linear function to the log–log-scale power spectra in the high-frequency range.
Results
The global 1/f slope averaged over all cortical sources demonstrated high rank-order stability between the two conditions. Consistent with previous research, it was steeper in the eyes-closed than in the eyes-open condition and flattened with age. Regardless of condition, children with ASD and below-average IQ had flatter slopes than either TD or ASD children with average or above-average IQ. These group differences could not be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratio or periodic (alpha and beta) activity.
Limitations
Further research is needed to find out whether the observed changes in E–I ratios are characteristic of children with below-average IQ of other diagnostic groups.
Conclusions
The atypically flattened spectral slope of aperiodic activity in children with ASD and below-average IQ suggests a shift of the global E–I balance toward hyper-excitation. The spectral slope can provide an accessible noninvasive biomarker of the E–I ratio for making objective judgments about treatment effectiveness in people with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Altered neuronal excitation–inhibition (E–I) balance is strongly implicated in ASD. However, it is not known whether the direction and degree of changes in the E–I ratio in individuals with ASD correlates with intellectual disability often associated with this developmental disorder. The spectral slope of the aperiodic 1/f activity reflects the E–I balance at the scale of large neuronal populations and may uncover its putative alternations in individuals with ASD with and without intellectual disability.
Methods
Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test whether the 1/f slope would differentiate ASD children with average and below–average (< 85) IQ. MEG was recorded at rest with eyes open/closed in 49 boys with ASD aged 6–15 years with IQ ranging from 54 to 128, and in 49 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys. The cortical source activity was estimated using the beamformer approach and individual brain models. We then extracted the 1/f slope by fitting a linear function to the log–log-scale power spectra in the high-frequency range.
Results
The global 1/f slope averaged over all cortical sources demonstrated high rank-order stability between the two conditions. Consistent with previous research, it was steeper in the eyes-closed than in the eyes-open condition and flattened with age. Regardless of condition, children with ASD and below-average IQ had flatter slopes than either TD or ASD children with average or above-average IQ. These group differences could not be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratio or periodic (alpha and beta) activity.
Limitations
Further research is needed to find out whether the observed changes in E–I ratios are characteristic of children with below-average IQ of other diagnostic groups.
Conclusions
The atypically flattened spectral slope of aperiodic activity in children with ASD and below-average IQ suggests a shift of the global E–I balance toward hyper-excitation. The spectral slope can provide an accessible noninvasive biomarker of the E–I ratio for making objective judgments about treatment effectiveness in people with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability.
Altered neuronal excitation–inhibition (E–I) balance is strongly implicated in ASD. However, it is not known whether the direction and degree of changes in the E–I ratio in individuals with ASD correlates with intellectual disability often associated with this developmental disorder. The spectral slope of the aperiodic 1/f activity reflects the E–I balance at the scale of large neuronal populations and may uncover its putative alternations in individuals with ASD with and without intellectual disability.
Methods
Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to test whether the 1/f slope would differentiate ASD children with average and below–average (< 85) IQ. MEG was recorded at rest with eyes open/closed in 49 boys with ASD aged 6–15 years with IQ ranging from 54 to 128, and in 49 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys. The cortical source activity was estimated using the beamformer approach and individual brain models. We then extracted the 1/f slope by fitting a linear function to the log–log-scale power spectra in the high-frequency range.
Results
The global 1/f slope averaged over all cortical sources demonstrated high rank-order stability between the two conditions. Consistent with previous research, it was steeper in the eyes-closed than in the eyes-open condition and flattened with age. Regardless of condition, children with ASD and below-average IQ had flatter slopes than either TD or ASD children with average or above-average IQ. These group differences could not be explained by differences in signal-to-noise ratio or periodic (alpha and beta) activity.
Limitations
Further research is needed to find out whether the observed changes in E–I ratios are characteristic of children with below-average IQ of other diagnostic groups.
Conclusions
The atypically flattened spectral slope of aperiodic activity in children with ASD and below-average IQ suggests a shift of the global E–I balance toward hyper-excitation. The spectral slope can provide an accessible noninvasive biomarker of the E–I ratio for making objective judgments about treatment effectiveness in people with ASD and comorbid intellectual disability.
2021
15.
Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Rostovtseva, Ekaterina N.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2021). Visual gamma oscillations predict sensory sensitivity in females as they do in males. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 12013. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91381-2
@article{Manyukhina2021,
title = {Visual gamma oscillations predict sensory sensitivity in females as they do in males},
author = {Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Ekaterina N. Rostovtseva and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1038_s41598-021-91381-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-91381-2},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-00},
urldate = {2021-12-00},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {12013},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Gamma oscillations are driven by local cortical excitatory (E)–inhibitory (I) loops and may help to characterize neural processing involving excitatory-inhibitory interactions. In the visual cortex reliable gamma oscillations can be recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the majority of individuals, which makes visual gamma an attractive candidate for biomarkers of brain disorders associated with E/I imbalance. Little is known, however, about if/how these oscillations reflect individual differences in neural excitability and associated sensory/perceptual phenomena. The power of visual gamma response (GR) changes nonlinearly with increasing stimulation intensity: it increases with transition from static to slowly drifting high-contrast grating and then attenuates with further increase in the drift rate. In a recent MEG study we found that the GR attenuation predicted sensitivity to sensory stimuli in everyday life in neurotypical adult men and in men with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we replicated these results in neurotypical female participants. The GR enhancement with transition from static to slowly drifting grating did not correlate significantly with the sensory sensitivity measures. These findings suggest that weak velocity-related attenuation of the GR is a reliable neural concomitant of visual hypersensitivity and that the degree of GR attenuation may provide useful information about E/I balance in the visual cortex.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gamma oscillations are driven by local cortical excitatory (E)–inhibitory (I) loops and may help to characterize neural processing involving excitatory-inhibitory interactions. In the visual cortex reliable gamma oscillations can be recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the majority of individuals, which makes visual gamma an attractive candidate for biomarkers of brain disorders associated with E/I imbalance. Little is known, however, about if/how these oscillations reflect individual differences in neural excitability and associated sensory/perceptual phenomena. The power of visual gamma response (GR) changes nonlinearly with increasing stimulation intensity: it increases with transition from static to slowly drifting high-contrast grating and then attenuates with further increase in the drift rate. In a recent MEG study we found that the GR attenuation predicted sensitivity to sensory stimuli in everyday life in neurotypical adult men and in men with autism spectrum disorders. Here, we replicated these results in neurotypical female participants. The GR enhancement with transition from static to slowly drifting grating did not correlate significantly with the sensory sensitivity measures. These findings suggest that weak velocity-related attenuation of the GR is a reliable neural concomitant of visual hypersensitivity and that the degree of GR attenuation may provide useful information about E/I balance in the visual cortex.
2020
14.
Stroganova, T. A.; Komarov, K. S.; Sysoeva, O. V.; Goiaeva, D. E.; Obukhova, T. S.; Ovsiannikova, T. M.; Prokofyev, A. O.; Orekhova, E. V. (2020). Left hemispheric deficit in the sustained neuromagnetic response to periodic click trains in children with ASD. Molecular Autism, 11, 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00408-4
@article{Stroganova2020,
title = {Left hemispheric deficit in the sustained neuromagnetic response to periodic click trains in children with ASD},
author = {T. A. Stroganova and K. S. Komarov and O. V. Sysoeva and D. E. Goiaeva and T. S. Obukhova and T. M. Ovsiannikova and A. O. Prokofyev and E. V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_s13229-020-00408-4.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/s13229-020-00408-4},
issn = {2040-2392},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-31},
urldate = {2020-12-31},
journal = {Molecular Autism},
volume = {11},
pages = {100},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.
Methods
We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N = 35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N = 35) aged 7–12-years.
Results
In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.
Limitations
We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.
Conclusion
Children with ASD demonstrate atypical processing of spectrally complex periodic sound at the level of the core auditory cortex of the left-hemisphere. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.
Methods
We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N = 35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N = 35) aged 7–12-years.
Results
In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.
Limitations
We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.
Conclusion
Children with ASD demonstrate atypical processing of spectrally complex periodic sound at the level of the core auditory cortex of the left-hemisphere. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.
Deficits in perception and production of vocal pitch are often observed in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the neural basis of these deficits is unknown. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), spectrally complex periodic sounds trigger two continuous neural responses—the auditory steady state response (ASSR) and the sustained field (SF). It has been shown that the SF in neurotypical individuals is associated with low-level analysis of pitch in the ‘pitch processing center’ of the Heschl’s gyrus. Therefore, alternations in this auditory response may reflect atypical processing of vocal pitch. The SF, however, has never been studied in people with ASD.
Methods
We used MEG and individual brain models to investigate the ASSR and SF evoked by monaural 40 Hz click trains in boys with ASD (N = 35) and neurotypical (NT) boys (N = 35) aged 7–12-years.
Results
In agreement with the previous research in adults, the cortical sources of the SF in children were located in the left and right Heschl’s gyri, anterolateral to those of the ASSR. In both groups, the SF and ASSR dominated in the right hemisphere and were higher in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated ear. The ASSR increased with age in both NT and ASD children and did not differ between the groups. The SF amplitude did not significantly change between the ages of 7 and 12 years. It was moderately attenuated in both hemispheres and was markedly delayed and displaced in the left hemisphere in boys with ASD. The SF delay in participants with ASD was present irrespective of their intelligence level and severity of autism symptoms.
Limitations
We did not test the language abilities of our participants. Therefore, the link between SF and processing of vocal pitch in children with ASD remains speculative.
Conclusion
Children with ASD demonstrate atypical processing of spectrally complex periodic sound at the level of the core auditory cortex of the left-hemisphere. The observed neural deficit may contribute to speech perception difficulties experienced by children with ASD, including their poor perception and production of linguistic prosody.
13.
Строганова, Т. А.; Комаров, К. С.; Гояева, Д. Э.; Обухова, Т. С.; Овсянникова, Т. М.; Прокофьев, А. О.; Орехова, Е. В. (2020). Влияние периодичности и гласности звука на ответы слуховой коры мозга детей. Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова, 71(4), 563-577. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0044467721040109
@article{nokey,
title = {Влияние периодичности и гласности звука на ответы слуховой коры мозга детей},
author = {Строганова, Т.А. and Комаров, К.С. and Гояева, Д.Э. and Обухова, Т.С. and Овсянникова, Т.М. and Прокофьев, А.О. and Орехова, Е.В.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.31857_S0044467721040109.pdf},
doi = {10.31857/S0044467721040109},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-22},
urldate = {2020-12-22},
journal = {Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И. П. Павлова},
volume = {71},
number = {4},
pages = {563-577},
publisher = {Российская академия наук},
abstract = {Механизмы мозга человека, направленные на декодирование звуков речи, представляют как фундаментальный, так и практический интерес для многих областей нейронауки. Настоящая работа посвящена роли периодичности и речевой природы (фиксированной формантной структуры) гласных звуков в модуляции активности слуховой коры мозга у типично развивающихся детей. Мы предположили, что, хотя обе этих характеристики свойственны гласным звукам речи, их обработка осуществляется разными нейронными сетями слуховой коры. Для проверки этой гипотезы мы сконструировали набор акустических стимулов, манипулируя их периодичностью и гласностью по отдельности, и использовали магнитоэнцефалографию в сочетании с индивидуальными моделями поверхности коры мозга для оценки кортикальной топографии источников и силы ответов слуховой коры мозга. Выборку составили девять типично развивающихся детей в возрасте 7–12 лет. Мы обнаружили высокую чувствительность ранних ответов слуховой коры (50–150 мс после начала стимула) как к периодичности, так и к гласности звука, при независимой настройке нейронных сетей на каждое из этих свойств звуков речи. Различия в локализации, временной динамике и полушарной асимметрии этих дифференциальных ответов указывали на то, что “зоны гласности звука” в височной коре являются наиболее ранним уровнем в иерархии обработки речевой информации, на котором обработка собственно акустических свойств периодического звука трансформируется в декодирование звуков речи. Полученные результаты позволят оценить специфику и роль возможных нарушений обработки низкоуровневых свойств речевых звуков в трудностях восприятия речи у детей с первазивными расстройствами развития.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Механизмы мозга человека, направленные на декодирование звуков речи, представляют как фундаментальный, так и практический интерес для многих областей нейронауки. Настоящая работа посвящена роли периодичности и речевой природы (фиксированной формантной структуры) гласных звуков в модуляции активности слуховой коры мозга у типично развивающихся детей. Мы предположили, что, хотя обе этих характеристики свойственны гласным звукам речи, их обработка осуществляется разными нейронными сетями слуховой коры. Для проверки этой гипотезы мы сконструировали набор акустических стимулов, манипулируя их периодичностью и гласностью по отдельности, и использовали магнитоэнцефалографию в сочетании с индивидуальными моделями поверхности коры мозга для оценки кортикальной топографии источников и силы ответов слуховой коры мозга. Выборку составили девять типично развивающихся детей в возрасте 7–12 лет. Мы обнаружили высокую чувствительность ранних ответов слуховой коры (50–150 мс после начала стимула) как к периодичности, так и к гласности звука, при независимой настройке нейронных сетей на каждое из этих свойств звуков речи. Различия в локализации, временной динамике и полушарной асимметрии этих дифференциальных ответов указывали на то, что “зоны гласности звука” в височной коре являются наиболее ранним уровнем в иерархии обработки речевой информации, на котором обработка собственно акустических свойств периодического звука трансформируется в декодирование звуков речи. Полученные результаты позволят оценить специфику и роль возможных нарушений обработки низкоуровневых свойств речевых звуков в трудностях восприятия речи у детей с первазивными расстройствами развития.
12.
Jones, E. J. H.; Goodwin, A.; Orekhova, E.; Charman, T.; Dawson, G.; Webb, S. J.; Johnson, M. H. (2020). Infant EEG theta modulation predicts childhood intelligence. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 11232. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67687-y
@article{Jones2020,
title = {Infant EEG theta modulation predicts childhood intelligence},
author = {E. J. H. Jones and A. Goodwin and E. Orekhova and T. Charman and G. Dawson and S. J. Webb and M. H. Johnson},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1038_s41598-020-67687-y.pdf},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-67687-y},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-08},
urldate = {2020-07-08},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {11232},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Intellectual functioning is a critical determinant of economic and personal productivity. Identifying early neural predictors of cognitive function in infancy will allow us to map the neurodevelopmental pathways that underpin individual differences in intellect. Here, in three different cohorts we investigate the association between a putative neurophysiological indicator of information encoding (change in frontal theta during a novel video) in infancy and later general cognitive outcome. In a discovery cohort of 12-month-old typically developing infants, we recorded EEG during presentation of dynamic movies of people and objects. Frontal theta power (3–6 Hz) significantly increased during the course of viewing each video. Critically, increase in frontal theta during viewing of a video was associated with a differential response to repetition of that specific video, confirming relation to learning. Further, individual differences in the magnitude of change in frontal theta power were related to concurrent nonverbal cognitive level. We then sought to extend this association in two independent samples enriched for variation in cognitive outcome due to the inclusion of infants at familial risk for autism. We observed similar patterns of theta EEG change at 12 months, and found a predictive relation to verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills measured at 2, 3 and 7 years of age. For the subset of high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism, infant theta EEG explained over 80% of the variance in nonverbal skills at age 3 years. We suggest that EEG theta change in infancy is an excellent candidate predictive biomarker that could yield substantial insight into the mechanisms that underlie individual differences in childhood intelligence, particularly in high risk populations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Intellectual functioning is a critical determinant of economic and personal productivity. Identifying early neural predictors of cognitive function in infancy will allow us to map the neurodevelopmental pathways that underpin individual differences in intellect. Here, in three different cohorts we investigate the association between a putative neurophysiological indicator of information encoding (change in frontal theta during a novel video) in infancy and later general cognitive outcome. In a discovery cohort of 12-month-old typically developing infants, we recorded EEG during presentation of dynamic movies of people and objects. Frontal theta power (3–6 Hz) significantly increased during the course of viewing each video. Critically, increase in frontal theta during viewing of a video was associated with a differential response to repetition of that specific video, confirming relation to learning. Further, individual differences in the magnitude of change in frontal theta power were related to concurrent nonverbal cognitive level. We then sought to extend this association in two independent samples enriched for variation in cognitive outcome due to the inclusion of infants at familial risk for autism. We observed similar patterns of theta EEG change at 12 months, and found a predictive relation to verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills measured at 2, 3 and 7 years of age. For the subset of high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism, infant theta EEG explained over 80% of the variance in nonverbal skills at age 3 years. We suggest that EEG theta change in infancy is an excellent candidate predictive biomarker that could yield substantial insight into the mechanisms that underlie individual differences in childhood intelligence, particularly in high risk populations.
11.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Rostovtseva, Ekaterina N.; Manyukhina, Viktoriya O.; Prokofiev, Andrey O.; Obukhova, Tatiana S.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Yu.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2020). Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: Evidence from MEG gamma oscillations. NeuroImage, 213, 116753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116753
@article{Orekhova2020,
title = {Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: Evidence from MEG gamma oscillations},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Ekaterina N. Rostovtseva and Viktoriya O. Manyukhina and Andrey O. Prokofiev and Tatiana S. Obukhova and Anastasia Yu. Nikolaeva and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1016_j.neuroimage.2020.116753.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116753},
issn = {1053-8119},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-00},
urldate = {2020-06-00},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {213},
pages = {116753},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {Spatial suppression (SS) is a visual perceptual phenomenon that is manifest in a reduction of directional sensitivity for drifting high-contrast gratings whose size exceeds the center of the visual field. Gratings moving at faster velocities induce stronger SS. The neural processes that give rise to such size- and velocity-dependent reductions in directional sensitivity are currently unknown, and the role of surround inhibition is unclear. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), large high-contrast drifting gratings induce a strong gamma response (GR), which also attenuates with an increase in the gratings’ velocity. It has been suggested that the slope of this GR attenuation is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex. Herein, we investigate whether SS is related to this inhibitory-based MEG measure. We evaluated SS and GR in two independent samples of participants: school-age boys and adult women. The slope of GR attenuation predicted inter-individual differences in SS in both samples. Test-retest reliability of the neuro-behavioral correlation was assessed in the adults, and was high between two sessions separated by several days or weeks. Neither frequencies nor absolute amplitudes of the GRs correlated with SS, which highlights the functional relevance of velocity-related changes in GR magnitude caused by augmentation of incoming input. Our findings provide evidence that links the psychophysical phenomenon of SS to inhibitory-based neural responses in the human primary visual cortex. This supports the role of inhibitory interactions as an important underlying mechanism for spatial suppression.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Spatial suppression (SS) is a visual perceptual phenomenon that is manifest in a reduction of directional sensitivity for drifting high-contrast gratings whose size exceeds the center of the visual field. Gratings moving at faster velocities induce stronger SS. The neural processes that give rise to such size- and velocity-dependent reductions in directional sensitivity are currently unknown, and the role of surround inhibition is unclear. In magnetoencephalogram (MEG), large high-contrast drifting gratings induce a strong gamma response (GR), which also attenuates with an increase in the gratings’ velocity. It has been suggested that the slope of this GR attenuation is mediated by inhibitory interactions in the primary visual cortex. Herein, we investigate whether SS is related to this inhibitory-based MEG measure. We evaluated SS and GR in two independent samples of participants: school-age boys and adult women. The slope of GR attenuation predicted inter-individual differences in SS in both samples. Test-retest reliability of the neuro-behavioral correlation was assessed in the adults, and was high between two sessions separated by several days or weeks. Neither frequencies nor absolute amplitudes of the GRs correlated with SS, which highlights the functional relevance of velocity-related changes in GR magnitude caused by augmentation of incoming input. Our findings provide evidence that links the psychophysical phenomenon of SS to inhibitory-based neural responses in the human primary visual cortex. This supports the role of inhibitory interactions as an important underlying mechanism for spatial suppression.
10.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Yu.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2020). Additive effect of contrast and velocity suggests the role of strong excitatory drive in suppression of visual gamma response. PLoS ONE, 15(2), e0228937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228937
@article{Orekhova2020b,
title = {Additive effect of contrast and velocity suggests the role of strong excitatory drive in suppression of visual gamma response},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Anastasia Yu. Nikolaeva and Justin F. Schneiderman and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
editor = {César Rennó‐Costa},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1371_journal.pone.0228937.pdf},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0228937},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-02-13},
urldate = {2020-02-13},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e0228937},
publisher = {Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
abstract = {It is commonly acknowledged that gamma-band oscillations arise from interplay between neural excitation and inhibition; however, the neural mechanisms controlling the power of stimulus-induced gamma responses (GR) in the human brain remain poorly understood. A moderate increase in velocity of drifting gratings results in GR power enhancement, while increasing the velocity beyond some ‘transition point’ leads to GR power attenuation. We tested two alternative explanations for this nonlinear input-output dependency in the GR power. First, the GR power can be maximal at the preferable velocity/temporal frequency of motion-sensitive V1 neurons. This ‘velocity tuning’ hypothesis predicts that lowering contrast either will not affect the transition point or shift it to a lower velocity. Second, the GR power attenuation at high velocities of visual motion can be caused by changes in excitation/inhibition balance with increasing excitatory drive. Since contrast and velocity both add to excitatory drive, this ‘excitatory drive’ hypothesis predicts that the ‘transition point’ for low-contrast gratings would be reached at a higher velocity, as compared to high-contrast gratings. To test these alternatives, we recorded magnetoencephalography during presentation of low (50%) and high (100%) contrast gratings drifting at four velocities. We found that lowering contrast led to a highly reliable shift of the GR suppression transition point to higher velocities, thus supporting the excitatory drive hypothesis. No effects of contrast or velocity were found in the alpha-beta range. The results have implications for understanding the mechanisms of gamma oscillations and developing gamma-based biomarkers of disturbed excitation/inhibition balance in brain disorders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is commonly acknowledged that gamma-band oscillations arise from interplay between neural excitation and inhibition; however, the neural mechanisms controlling the power of stimulus-induced gamma responses (GR) in the human brain remain poorly understood. A moderate increase in velocity of drifting gratings results in GR power enhancement, while increasing the velocity beyond some ‘transition point’ leads to GR power attenuation. We tested two alternative explanations for this nonlinear input-output dependency in the GR power. First, the GR power can be maximal at the preferable velocity/temporal frequency of motion-sensitive V1 neurons. This ‘velocity tuning’ hypothesis predicts that lowering contrast either will not affect the transition point or shift it to a lower velocity. Second, the GR power attenuation at high velocities of visual motion can be caused by changes in excitation/inhibition balance with increasing excitatory drive. Since contrast and velocity both add to excitatory drive, this ‘excitatory drive’ hypothesis predicts that the ‘transition point’ for low-contrast gratings would be reached at a higher velocity, as compared to high-contrast gratings. To test these alternatives, we recorded magnetoencephalography during presentation of low (50%) and high (100%) contrast gratings drifting at four velocities. We found that lowering contrast led to a highly reliable shift of the GR suppression transition point to higher velocities, thus supporting the excitatory drive hypothesis. No effects of contrast or velocity were found in the alpha-beta range. The results have implications for understanding the mechanisms of gamma oscillations and developing gamma-based biomarkers of disturbed excitation/inhibition balance in brain disorders.
2019
9.
Haartsen, Rianne; Jones, Emily J. H.; Orekhova, Elena V.; Charman, Tony; Johnson, Mark H.; Baron-Cohen, S.; Bedford, R.; Blasi, A.; Bolton, P.; Chandler, S.; Cheung, C.; Davies, K.; Elsabbagh, M.; Fernandes, J.; Gammer, I.; Garwood, H.; Gliga, T.; Guiraud, J.; Hudry, K.; Liew, M.; Lloyd-Fox, S.; Maris, H.; O’Hara, L.; Pasco, G.; Pickles, A.; Ribeiro, H.; Salomone, E.; Tucker, L.; Volein, A. (2019). Functional EEG connectivity in infants associates with later restricted and repetitive behaviours in autism; a replication study. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0380-2
@article{Haartsen2019,
title = {Functional EEG connectivity in infants associates with later restricted and repetitive behaviours in autism; a replication study},
author = {Rianne Haartsen and Emily J. H. Jones and Elena V. Orekhova and Tony Charman and Mark H. Johnson and S. Baron-Cohen and R. Bedford and A. Blasi and P. Bolton and S. Chandler and C. Cheung and K. Davies and M. Elsabbagh and J. Fernandes and I. Gammer and H. Garwood and T. Gliga and J. Guiraud and K. Hudry and M. Liew and S. Lloyd-Fox and H. Maris and L. O’Hara and G. Pasco and A. Pickles and H. Ribeiro and E. Salomone and L. Tucker and A. Volein},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1038_s41398-019-0380-2.pdf},
doi = {10.1038/s41398-019-0380-2},
issn = {2158-3188},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-12-00},
urldate = {2019-12-00},
journal = {Translational Psychiatry},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {66},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {We conducted a replication study of our prior report that increased alpha EEG connectivity at 14-months associates with later autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, and dimensional variation in restricted interests/repetitive behaviours. 143 infants at high and low familial risk for ASD watched dynamic videos of spinning toys and women singing nursery rhymes while high-density EEG was recorded. Alpha functional connectivity (7-8 Hz) was calculated using the debiased weighted phase lag index. The final sample with clean data included low-risk infants (N = 20), and high-risk infants who at 36 months showed either typical development (N = 47), atypical development (N = 21), or met criteria for ASD (N = 13). While we did not replicate the finding that global EEG connectivity associated with ASD diagnosis, we did replicate the association between higher functional connectivity at 14 months and greater severity of restricted and repetitive behaviours at 36 months in infants who met criteria for ASD. We further showed that this association is strongest for the circumscribed interests subdomain. We propose that structural and/or functional abnormalities in frontal-striatal circuits underlie the observed association. This is the first replicated infant neural predictor of dimensional variation in later ASD symptoms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We conducted a replication study of our prior report that increased alpha EEG connectivity at 14-months associates with later autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, and dimensional variation in restricted interests/repetitive behaviours. 143 infants at high and low familial risk for ASD watched dynamic videos of spinning toys and women singing nursery rhymes while high-density EEG was recorded. Alpha functional connectivity (7-8 Hz) was calculated using the debiased weighted phase lag index. The final sample with clean data included low-risk infants (N = 20), and high-risk infants who at 36 months showed either typical development (N = 47), atypical development (N = 21), or met criteria for ASD (N = 13). While we did not replicate the finding that global EEG connectivity associated with ASD diagnosis, we did replicate the association between higher functional connectivity at 14 months and greater severity of restricted and repetitive behaviours at 36 months in infants who met criteria for ASD. We further showed that this association is strongest for the circumscribed interests subdomain. We propose that structural and/or functional abnormalities in frontal-striatal circuits underlie the observed association. This is the first replicated infant neural predictor of dimensional variation in later ASD symptoms.
8.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Lundström, Sebastian; Riaz, Bushra; Sarovic, Darko; Sysoeva, Olga V.; Brant, Georg; Gillberg, Christopher; Hadjikhani, Nouchine (2019). Neural gain control measured through cortical gamma oscillations is associated with sensory sensitivity. Human Brain Mapping, 40(5), 1583-1593. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24469
@article{Orekhova2018b,
title = {Neural gain control measured through cortical gamma oscillations is associated with sensory sensitivity},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova and Justin F. Schneiderman and Sebastian Lundström and Bushra Riaz and Darko Sarovic and Olga V. Sysoeva and Georg Brant and Christopher Gillberg and Nouchine Hadjikhani},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.24469},
doi = {10.1002/hbm.24469},
issn = {1097-0193},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-01},
urldate = {2019-04-01},
journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {1583-1593},
publisher = {Wiley},
abstract = {Gamma oscillations facilitate information processing by shaping the excitatory input/output of neuronal populations. Recent studies in humans and nonhuman primates have shown that strong excitatory drive to the visual cortex leads to suppression of induced gamma oscillations, which may reflect inhibitory-based gain control of network excitation. The efficiency of the gain control measured through gamma oscillations may in turn affect sensory sensitivity in everyday life. To test this prediction, we assessed the link between self-reported sensitivity and changes in magneto-encephalographic gamma oscillations as a function of motion velocity of high-contrast visual gratings. The induced gamma oscillations increased in frequency and decreased in power with increasing stimulation intensity. As expected, weaker suppression of the gamma response correlated with sensory hypersensitivity. Robustness of this result was confirmed by its replication in the two samples: neurotypical subjects and people with autism, who had generally elevated sensory sensitivity. We conclude that intensity-related suppression of gamma response is a promising biomarker of homeostatic control of the excitation-inhibition balance in the visual cortex.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gamma oscillations facilitate information processing by shaping the excitatory input/output of neuronal populations. Recent studies in humans and nonhuman primates have shown that strong excitatory drive to the visual cortex leads to suppression of induced gamma oscillations, which may reflect inhibitory-based gain control of network excitation. The efficiency of the gain control measured through gamma oscillations may in turn affect sensory sensitivity in everyday life. To test this prediction, we assessed the link between self-reported sensitivity and changes in magneto-encephalographic gamma oscillations as a function of motion velocity of high-contrast visual gratings. The induced gamma oscillations increased in frequency and decreased in power with increasing stimulation intensity. As expected, weaker suppression of the gamma response correlated with sensory hypersensitivity. Robustness of this result was confirmed by its replication in the two samples: neurotypical subjects and people with autism, who had generally elevated sensory sensitivity. We conclude that intensity-related suppression of gamma response is a promising biomarker of homeostatic control of the excitation-inhibition balance in the visual cortex.
2018
7.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Sysoeva, Olga V.; Schneiderman, Justin F.; Lundström, Sebastian; Galuta, Ilia A.; Goiaeva, Dzerasa E.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Riaz, Bushra; Keeler, Courtney; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Gillberg, Christopher; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2018). Input-dependent modulation of MEG gamma oscillations reflects gain control in the visual cortex. Scientific reports, 8(1), 8451. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26779-6
@article{Orekhova2018c,
title = {Input-dependent modulation of MEG gamma oscillations reflects gain control in the visual cortex},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Olga V. Sysoeva and Justin F. Schneiderman and Sebastian Lundström and Ilia A. Galuta and Dzerasa E. Goiaeva and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Bushra Riaz and Courtney Keeler and Nouchine Hadjikhani and Christopher Gillberg and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1038_s41598-018-26779-6.pdf},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-26779-6},
issn = {2045-2322},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-31},
urldate = {2018-05-31},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {8451},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Gamma-band oscillations arise from the interplay between neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I) and may provide a non-invasive window into the state of cortical circuitry. A bell-shaped modulation of gamma response power by increasing the intensity of sensory input was observed in animals and is thought to reflect neural gain control. Here we sought to find a similar input-output relationship in humans with MEG via modulating the intensity of a visual stimulation by changing the velocity/temporal-frequency of visual motion. In the first experiment, adult participants observed static and moving gratings. The frequency of the MEG gamma response monotonically increased with motion velocity whereas power followed a bell-shape. In the second experiment, on a large group of children and adults, we found that despite drastic developmental changes in frequency and power of gamma oscillations, the relative suppression at high motion velocities was scaled to the same range of values across the life-span. In light of animal and modeling studies, the modulation of gamma power and frequency at high stimulation intensities characterizes the capacity of inhibitory neurons to counterbalance increasing excitation in visual networks. Gamma suppression may thus provide a non-invasive measure of inhibitory-based gain control in the healthy and diseased brain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gamma-band oscillations arise from the interplay between neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I) and may provide a non-invasive window into the state of cortical circuitry. A bell-shaped modulation of gamma response power by increasing the intensity of sensory input was observed in animals and is thought to reflect neural gain control. Here we sought to find a similar input-output relationship in humans with MEG via modulating the intensity of a visual stimulation by changing the velocity/temporal-frequency of visual motion. In the first experiment, adult participants observed static and moving gratings. The frequency of the MEG gamma response monotonically increased with motion velocity whereas power followed a bell-shape. In the second experiment, on a large group of children and adults, we found that despite drastic developmental changes in frequency and power of gamma oscillations, the relative suppression at high motion velocities was scaled to the same range of values across the life-span. In light of animal and modeling studies, the modulation of gamma power and frequency at high stimulation intensities characterizes the capacity of inhibitory neurons to counterbalance increasing excitation in visual networks. Gamma suppression may thus provide a non-invasive measure of inhibitory-based gain control in the healthy and diseased brain.
2017
6.
Sysoeva, Olga V.; Galuta, Ilia A.; Davletshina, Maria S.; Orekhova, Elena V.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2017). Abnormal Size-Dependent Modulation of Motion Perception in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00164
@article{Sysoeva2017,
title = {Abnormal Size-Dependent Modulation of Motion Perception in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)},
author = {Olga V. Sysoeva and Ilia A. Galuta and Maria S. Davletshina and Elena V. Orekhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fnins.2017.00164.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2017.00164},
issn = {1662-453X},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-29},
urldate = {2017-03-29},
journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
volume = {11},
pages = {164},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {Excitation/Inhibition (E/I) imbalance in neural networks is now considered among the core neural underpinnings of autism psychopathology. In motion perception at least two phenomena critically depend on E/I balance in visual cortex: spatial suppression (SS), and spatial facilitation (SF) corresponding to impoverished or improved motion perception with increasing stimuli size, respectively. While SS is dominant at high contrast, SF is evident for low contrast stimuli, due to the prevalence of inhibitory contextual modulations in the former, and excitatory ones in the latter case. Only one previous study (Foss-Feig et al., 2013) investigated SS and SF in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our study aimed to replicate previous findings, and to explore the putative contribution of deficient inhibitory influences into an enhanced SF index in ASD—a cornerstone for interpretation proposed by Foss-Feig et al. (2013). The SS and SF were examined in 40 boys with ASD, broad spectrum of intellectual abilities (63 < IQ < 127) and 44 typically developing (TD) boys, aged 6–15 years. The stimuli of small (1°) and large (12°) radius were presented under high (100%) and low (1%) contrast conditions. Social Responsiveness Scale and Sensory Profile Questionnaire were used to assess the autism severity and sensory processing abnormalities. We found that the SS index was atypically reduced, while SF index abnormally enhanced in children with ASD. The presence of abnormally enhanced SF in children with ASD was the only consistent finding between our study and that of Foss-Feig et al. While the SS and SF indexes were strongly interrelated in TD participants, this correlation was absent in their peers with ASD. In addition, the SF index but not the SS index correlated with the severity of autism and the poor registration abilities. The pattern of results is partially consistent with the idea of hypofunctional inhibitory transmission in visual areas in ASD. Nonetheless, the absence of correlation between SF and SS indexes paired with a strong direct link between abnormally enhanced SF and autism symptoms in our ASD sample emphasizes the role of the enhanced excitatory influences by themselves in the observed abnormalities in low-level visual phenomena found in ASD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Excitation/Inhibition (E/I) imbalance in neural networks is now considered among the core neural underpinnings of autism psychopathology. In motion perception at least two phenomena critically depend on E/I balance in visual cortex: spatial suppression (SS), and spatial facilitation (SF) corresponding to impoverished or improved motion perception with increasing stimuli size, respectively. While SS is dominant at high contrast, SF is evident for low contrast stimuli, due to the prevalence of inhibitory contextual modulations in the former, and excitatory ones in the latter case. Only one previous study (Foss-Feig et al., 2013) investigated SS and SF in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our study aimed to replicate previous findings, and to explore the putative contribution of deficient inhibitory influences into an enhanced SF index in ASD—a cornerstone for interpretation proposed by Foss-Feig et al. (2013). The SS and SF were examined in 40 boys with ASD, broad spectrum of intellectual abilities (63 < IQ < 127) and 44 typically developing (TD) boys, aged 6–15 years. The stimuli of small (1°) and large (12°) radius were presented under high (100%) and low (1%) contrast conditions. Social Responsiveness Scale and Sensory Profile Questionnaire were used to assess the autism severity and sensory processing abnormalities. We found that the SS index was atypically reduced, while SF index abnormally enhanced in children with ASD. The presence of abnormally enhanced SF in children with ASD was the only consistent finding between our study and that of Foss-Feig et al. While the SS and SF indexes were strongly interrelated in TD participants, this correlation was absent in their peers with ASD. In addition, the SF index but not the SS index correlated with the severity of autism and the poor registration abilities. The pattern of results is partially consistent with the idea of hypofunctional inhibitory transmission in visual areas in ASD. Nonetheless, the absence of correlation between SF and SS indexes paired with a strong direct link between abnormally enhanced SF and autism symptoms in our ASD sample emphasizes the role of the enhanced excitatory influences by themselves in the observed abnormalities in low-level visual phenomena found in ASD.
2016
5.
Sysoeva, Olga V.; Davletshina, Maria A.; Orekhova, Elena V.; Galuta, Ilia A.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2016). Reduced Oblique Effect in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00512
@article{Sysoeva2016,
title = {Reduced Oblique Effect in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)},
author = {Olga V. Sysoeva and Maria A. Davletshina and Elena V. Orekhova and Ilia A. Galuta and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fnins.2015.00512.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2015.00512},
issn = {1662-453X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-21},
urldate = {2016-01-21},
journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
volume = {9},
pages = {512},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {People are very precise in the discrimination of a line orientation relative to the cardinal (vertical and horizontal) axes, while their orientation discrimination sensitivity along the oblique axes is less refined. This difference in discrimination sensitivity along cardinal and oblique axes is called the “oblique effect.” Given that the oblique effect is a basic feature of visual processing with an early developmental origin, its investigation in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may shed light on the nature of visual sensory abnormalities frequently reported in this population. We examined line orientation sensitivity along oblique and vertical axes in a sample of 26 boys with ASD (IQ > 68) and 38 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7–15 years, as well as in a subsample of carefully IQ-matched ASD and TD participants. Children were asked to detect the direction of tilt of a high-contrast black-and-white grating relative to vertical (90°) or oblique (45°) templates. The oblique effect was reduced in children with ASD as compared to TD participants, irrespective of their IQ. This reduction was due to poor orientation sensitivity along the vertical axis in ASD children, while their ability to discriminate line orientation along the oblique axis was unaffected. We speculate that this deficit in sensitivity to vertical orientation may reflect disrupted mechanisms of early experience-dependent learning that takes place during the critical period for orientation selectivity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
People are very precise in the discrimination of a line orientation relative to the cardinal (vertical and horizontal) axes, while their orientation discrimination sensitivity along the oblique axes is less refined. This difference in discrimination sensitivity along cardinal and oblique axes is called the “oblique effect.” Given that the oblique effect is a basic feature of visual processing with an early developmental origin, its investigation in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may shed light on the nature of visual sensory abnormalities frequently reported in this population. We examined line orientation sensitivity along oblique and vertical axes in a sample of 26 boys with ASD (IQ > 68) and 38 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7–15 years, as well as in a subsample of carefully IQ-matched ASD and TD participants. Children were asked to detect the direction of tilt of a high-contrast black-and-white grating relative to vertical (90°) or oblique (45°) templates. The oblique effect was reduced in children with ASD as compared to TD participants, irrespective of their IQ. This reduction was due to poor orientation sensitivity along the vertical axis in ASD children, while their ability to discriminate line orientation along the oblique axis was unaffected. We speculate that this deficit in sensitivity to vertical orientation may reflect disrupted mechanisms of early experience-dependent learning that takes place during the critical period for orientation selectivity.
2015
4.
Stroganova, Tatiana A.; Butorina, Anna V.; Sysoeva, Olga V.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Yu.; Tsetlin, Marina M.; Orekhova, Elena V. (2015). Altered modulation of gamma oscillation frequency by speed of visual motion in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9121-x
@article{Stroganova2015,
title = {Altered modulation of gamma oscillation frequency by speed of visual motion in children with autism spectrum disorders},
author = {Tatiana A. Stroganova and Anna V. Butorina and Olga V. Sysoeva and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Anastasia Yu. Nikolaeva and Marina M. Tsetlin and Elena V. Orekhova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_s11689-015-9121-x.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/s11689-015-9121-x},
issn = {1866-1955},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-12-00},
urldate = {2015-12-00},
journal = {Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
Recent studies link autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with an altered balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in cortical networks. The brain oscillations in high gamma-band (50–120 Hz) are sensitive to the E/I balance and may appear useful biomarkers of certain ASD subtypes. The frequency of gamma oscillations is mediated by level of excitation of the fast-spiking inhibitory basket cells recruited by increasing strength of excitatory input. Therefore, the experimental manipulations affecting gamma frequency may throw light on inhibitory networks dysfunction in ASD.
Methods
Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate modulation of visual gamma oscillation frequency by speed of drifting annular gratings (1.2, 3.6, 6.0 °/s) in 21 boys with ASD and 26 typically developing boys aged 7–15 years. Multitaper method was used for analysis of spectra of gamma power change upon stimulus presentation and permutation test was applied for statistical comparisons. We also assessed in our participants visual orientation discrimination thresholds, which are thought to depend on excitability of inhibitory networks in the visual cortex.
Results
Although frequency of the oscillatory gamma response increased with increasing velocity of visual motion in both groups of participants, the velocity effect was reduced in a substantial proportion of children with ASD. The range of velocity-related gamma frequency modulation correlated inversely with the ability to discriminate oblique line orientation in the ASD group, while no such correlation has been observed in the group of typically developing participants.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that abnormal velocity-related gamma frequency modulation in ASD may constitute a potential biomarker for reduced excitability of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons in a subset of children with ASD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Recent studies link autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with an altered balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in cortical networks. The brain oscillations in high gamma-band (50–120 Hz) are sensitive to the E/I balance and may appear useful biomarkers of certain ASD subtypes. The frequency of gamma oscillations is mediated by level of excitation of the fast-spiking inhibitory basket cells recruited by increasing strength of excitatory input. Therefore, the experimental manipulations affecting gamma frequency may throw light on inhibitory networks dysfunction in ASD.
Methods
Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate modulation of visual gamma oscillation frequency by speed of drifting annular gratings (1.2, 3.6, 6.0 °/s) in 21 boys with ASD and 26 typically developing boys aged 7–15 years. Multitaper method was used for analysis of spectra of gamma power change upon stimulus presentation and permutation test was applied for statistical comparisons. We also assessed in our participants visual orientation discrimination thresholds, which are thought to depend on excitability of inhibitory networks in the visual cortex.
Results
Although frequency of the oscillatory gamma response increased with increasing velocity of visual motion in both groups of participants, the velocity effect was reduced in a substantial proportion of children with ASD. The range of velocity-related gamma frequency modulation correlated inversely with the ability to discriminate oblique line orientation in the ASD group, while no such correlation has been observed in the group of typically developing participants.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that abnormal velocity-related gamma frequency modulation in ASD may constitute a potential biomarker for reduced excitability of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons in a subset of children with ASD.
Recent studies link autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with an altered balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in cortical networks. The brain oscillations in high gamma-band (50–120 Hz) are sensitive to the E/I balance and may appear useful biomarkers of certain ASD subtypes. The frequency of gamma oscillations is mediated by level of excitation of the fast-spiking inhibitory basket cells recruited by increasing strength of excitatory input. Therefore, the experimental manipulations affecting gamma frequency may throw light on inhibitory networks dysfunction in ASD.
Methods
Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to investigate modulation of visual gamma oscillation frequency by speed of drifting annular gratings (1.2, 3.6, 6.0 °/s) in 21 boys with ASD and 26 typically developing boys aged 7–15 years. Multitaper method was used for analysis of spectra of gamma power change upon stimulus presentation and permutation test was applied for statistical comparisons. We also assessed in our participants visual orientation discrimination thresholds, which are thought to depend on excitability of inhibitory networks in the visual cortex.
Results
Although frequency of the oscillatory gamma response increased with increasing velocity of visual motion in both groups of participants, the velocity effect was reduced in a substantial proportion of children with ASD. The range of velocity-related gamma frequency modulation correlated inversely with the ability to discriminate oblique line orientation in the ASD group, while no such correlation has been observed in the group of typically developing participants.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that abnormal velocity-related gamma frequency modulation in ASD may constitute a potential biomarker for reduced excitability of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons in a subset of children with ASD.
3.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Butorina, Anna V.; Sysoeva, Olga V.; Prokofyev, Andrey O.; Nikolaeva, Anastasia Yu.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2015). Frequency of gamma oscillations in humans is modulated by velocity of visual motion. Journal of Neurophysiology, 114(1), 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00232.2015
@article{Orekhova2015,
title = {Frequency of gamma oscillations in humans is modulated by velocity of visual motion},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Anna V. Butorina and Olga V. Sysoeva and Andrey O. Prokofyev and Anastasia Yu. Nikolaeva and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1152_jn.00232.2015.pdf},
doi = {10.1152/jn.00232.2015},
issn = {1522-1598},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-07-00},
urldate = {2015-07-00},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
volume = {114},
number = {1},
pages = {244-255},
publisher = {American Physiological Society},
abstract = {Gamma oscillations are generated in networks of inhibitory fast-spiking (FS) parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons and pyramidal cells. In animals, gamma frequency is modulated by the velocity of visual motion; the effect of velocity has not been evaluated in humans. In this work, we have studied velocity-related modulations of gamma frequency in children using MEG/EEG. We also investigated whether such modulations predict the prominence of the "spatial suppression" effect (Tadin D, Lappin JS, Gilroy LA, Blake R. Nature 424: 312-315, 2003) that is thought to depend on cortical center-surround inhibitory mechanisms. MEG/EEG was recorded in 27 normal boys aged 8-15 yr while they watched high-contrast black-and-white annular gratings drifting with velocities of 1.2, 3.6, and 6.0°/s and performed a simple detection task. The spatial suppression effect was assessed in a separate psychophysical experiment. MEG gamma oscillation frequency increased while power decreased with increasing velocity of visual motion. In EEG, the effects were less reliable. The frequencies of the velocity-specific gamma peaks were 64.9, 74.8, and 87.1 Hz for the slow, medium, and fast motions, respectively. The frequency of the gamma response elicited during slow and medium velocity of visual motion decreased with subject age, whereas the range of gamma frequency modulation by velocity increased with age. The frequency modulation range predicted spatial suppression even after controlling for the effect of age. We suggest that the modulation of the MEG gamma frequency by velocity of visual motion reflects excitability of cortical inhibitory circuits and can be used to investigate their normal and pathological development in the human brain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gamma oscillations are generated in networks of inhibitory fast-spiking (FS) parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons and pyramidal cells. In animals, gamma frequency is modulated by the velocity of visual motion; the effect of velocity has not been evaluated in humans. In this work, we have studied velocity-related modulations of gamma frequency in children using MEG/EEG. We also investigated whether such modulations predict the prominence of the "spatial suppression" effect (Tadin D, Lappin JS, Gilroy LA, Blake R. Nature 424: 312-315, 2003) that is thought to depend on cortical center-surround inhibitory mechanisms. MEG/EEG was recorded in 27 normal boys aged 8-15 yr while they watched high-contrast black-and-white annular gratings drifting with velocities of 1.2, 3.6, and 6.0°/s and performed a simple detection task. The spatial suppression effect was assessed in a separate psychophysical experiment. MEG gamma oscillation frequency increased while power decreased with increasing velocity of visual motion. In EEG, the effects were less reliable. The frequencies of the velocity-specific gamma peaks were 64.9, 74.8, and 87.1 Hz for the slow, medium, and fast motions, respectively. The frequency of the gamma response elicited during slow and medium velocity of visual motion decreased with subject age, whereas the range of gamma frequency modulation by velocity increased with age. The frequency modulation range predicted spatial suppression even after controlling for the effect of age. We suggest that the modulation of the MEG gamma frequency by velocity of visual motion reflects excitability of cortical inhibitory circuits and can be used to investigate their normal and pathological development in the human brain.
2014
2.
Orekhova, Elena V; Elsabbagh, Mayada; Jones, Emily JH; Dawson, Geraldine; Charman, Tony; Johnson, Mark H (2014). EEG hyper-connectivity in high-risk infants is associated with later autism. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-40
@article{2014,
title = {EEG hyper-connectivity in high-risk infants is associated with later autism},
author = { Elena V Orekhova and Mayada Elsabbagh and Emily JH Jones and Geraldine Dawson and Tony Charman and Mark H Johnson},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1186_1866-1955-6-40.pdf},
doi = {10.1186/1866-1955-6-40},
issn = {1866-1955},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-07},
urldate = {2014-11-07},
journal = {Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {40},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Background
It has been previously reported that structural and functional brain connectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is atypical and may vary with age. However, to date, no measures of functional connectivity measured within the first 2 years have specifically associated with a later ASD diagnosis.
Methods
In the present study, we analyzed functional brain connectivity in 14-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for ASD using electroencephalography (EEG). EEG was recorded while infants attended to videos. Connectivity was assessed using debiased weighted phase lag index (dbWPLI). At 36 months, the high-risk infants were assessed for symptoms of ASD.
Results
As a group, high-risk infants who were later diagnosed with ASD demonstrated elevated phase-lagged alpha-range connectivity as compared to both low-risk infants and high-risk infants who did not go on to ASD. Hyper-connectivity was most prominent over frontal and central areas. The degree of hyper-connectivity at 14 months strongly correlated with the severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in participants with ASD at 3 years. These effects were not attributable to differences in behavior during the EEG session or to differences in spectral power.
Conclusions
The results suggest that early hyper-connectivity in the alpha frequency range is an important feature of the ASD neurophysiological phenotype.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
It has been previously reported that structural and functional brain connectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is atypical and may vary with age. However, to date, no measures of functional connectivity measured within the first 2 years have specifically associated with a later ASD diagnosis.
Methods
In the present study, we analyzed functional brain connectivity in 14-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for ASD using electroencephalography (EEG). EEG was recorded while infants attended to videos. Connectivity was assessed using debiased weighted phase lag index (dbWPLI). At 36 months, the high-risk infants were assessed for symptoms of ASD.
Results
As a group, high-risk infants who were later diagnosed with ASD demonstrated elevated phase-lagged alpha-range connectivity as compared to both low-risk infants and high-risk infants who did not go on to ASD. Hyper-connectivity was most prominent over frontal and central areas. The degree of hyper-connectivity at 14 months strongly correlated with the severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in participants with ASD at 3 years. These effects were not attributable to differences in behavior during the EEG session or to differences in spectral power.
Conclusions
The results suggest that early hyper-connectivity in the alpha frequency range is an important feature of the ASD neurophysiological phenotype.
It has been previously reported that structural and functional brain connectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is atypical and may vary with age. However, to date, no measures of functional connectivity measured within the first 2 years have specifically associated with a later ASD diagnosis.
Methods
In the present study, we analyzed functional brain connectivity in 14-month-old infants at high and low familial risk for ASD using electroencephalography (EEG). EEG was recorded while infants attended to videos. Connectivity was assessed using debiased weighted phase lag index (dbWPLI). At 36 months, the high-risk infants were assessed for symptoms of ASD.
Results
As a group, high-risk infants who were later diagnosed with ASD demonstrated elevated phase-lagged alpha-range connectivity as compared to both low-risk infants and high-risk infants who did not go on to ASD. Hyper-connectivity was most prominent over frontal and central areas. The degree of hyper-connectivity at 14 months strongly correlated with the severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors in participants with ASD at 3 years. These effects were not attributable to differences in behavior during the EEG session or to differences in spectral power.
Conclusions
The results suggest that early hyper-connectivity in the alpha frequency range is an important feature of the ASD neurophysiological phenotype.
1.
Orekhova, Elena V.; Stroganova, Tatiana A. (2014). Arousal and attention re-orienting in autism spectrum disorders: evidence from auditory event-related potentials. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00034
@article{Orekhova2014,
title = {Arousal and attention re-orienting in autism spectrum disorders: evidence from auditory event-related potentials},
author = {Elena V. Orekhova and Tatiana A. Stroganova},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3389_fnhum.2014.00034.pdf},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2014.00034},
issn = {1662-5161},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-02-06},
urldate = {2014-02-06},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {8},
pages = {34},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {The extended phenotype of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) includes a combination of arousal regulation problems, sensory modulation difficulties, and attention re-orienting deficit. A slow and inefficient re-orienting to stimuli that appear outside of the attended sensory stream is thought to be especially detrimental for social functioning. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetic fields (ERFs) may help to reveal which processing stages underlying brain response to unattended but salient sensory event are affected in individuals with ASD. Previous research focusing on two sequential stages of the brain response—automatic detection of physical changes in auditory stream, indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN), and evaluation of stimulus novelty, indexed by P3a component,—found in individuals with ASD either increased, decreased, or normal processing of deviance and novelty. The review examines these apparently conflicting results, notes gaps in previous findings, and suggests a potentially unifying hypothesis relating the dampened responses to unattended sensory events to the deficit in rapid arousal process. Specifically, “sensory gating” studies focused on pre-attentive arousal consistently demonstrated that brain response to unattended and temporally novel sound in ASD is already affected at around 100 ms after stimulus onset. We hypothesize that abnormalities in nicotinic cholinergic arousal pathways, previously reported in individuals with ASD, may contribute to these ERP/ERF aberrations and result in attention re-orienting deficit. Such cholinergic dysfunction may be present in individuals with ASD early in life and can influence both sensory processing and attention re-orienting behavior. Identification of early neurophysiological biomarkers for cholinergic deficit would help to detect infants “at risk” who can potentially benefit from particular types of therapies or interventions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The extended phenotype of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) includes a combination of arousal regulation problems, sensory modulation difficulties, and attention re-orienting deficit. A slow and inefficient re-orienting to stimuli that appear outside of the attended sensory stream is thought to be especially detrimental for social functioning. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetic fields (ERFs) may help to reveal which processing stages underlying brain response to unattended but salient sensory event are affected in individuals with ASD. Previous research focusing on two sequential stages of the brain response—automatic detection of physical changes in auditory stream, indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN), and evaluation of stimulus novelty, indexed by P3a component,—found in individuals with ASD either increased, decreased, or normal processing of deviance and novelty. The review examines these apparently conflicting results, notes gaps in previous findings, and suggests a potentially unifying hypothesis relating the dampened responses to unattended sensory events to the deficit in rapid arousal process. Specifically, “sensory gating” studies focused on pre-attentive arousal consistently demonstrated that brain response to unattended and temporally novel sound in ASD is already affected at around 100 ms after stimulus onset. We hypothesize that abnormalities in nicotinic cholinergic arousal pathways, previously reported in individuals with ASD, may contribute to these ERP/ERF aberrations and result in attention re-orienting deficit. Such cholinergic dysfunction may be present in individuals with ASD early in life and can influence both sensory processing and attention re-orienting behavior. Identification of early neurophysiological biomarkers for cholinergic deficit would help to detect infants “at risk” who can potentially benefit from particular types of therapies or interventions.