Яшин Артем
Научный сотрудник
кандидат филос. наук
Публикации с аффилиацией МЭГ-центра
2025
10.
Yashin, Artem S. (2025). Causal Deviance in Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs): A Challenge for the Philosophy of Action. Philosophies, 10(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies10020037
@article{Yashin2025,
title = {Causal Deviance in Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs): A Challenge for the Philosophy of Action},
author = {Artem S. Yashin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_philosophies10020037.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/philosophies10020037},
issn = {2409-9287},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-25},
urldate = {2025-03-25},
journal = {Philosophies},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {37},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {The problem of deviant causal chains is a classic challenge in the philosophy of action. According to the causal theory of action (CTA), an event qualifies as an action if it is caused by the agent’s intention. In cases of deviant causal chains, this condition is met, but the agent loses control of the situation. To address this, theorists suggest that the intention must cause the action “in the right way”. However, defining what constitutes the “right way” is difficult, as the distinction between having and not having control can be subtle. In this paper, I demonstrate that brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide important insights into basic causal deviance. I examine how existing strategies might account for deviant causation in BCI use and highlight their challenges. I advocate for reliability strategies—approaches that focus on identifying which causal pathways reliably connect an agent’s intentions to their outcomes. Additionally, I compare two BCIs that differ in their sources of occasional malfunction. I argue that the presence of causal deviance in a given case depends on the boundaries of the system that enables action. Such boundary analysis is unnecessary for bodily movements; however, for basic actions performed through a machine, it becomes essential.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The problem of deviant causal chains is a classic challenge in the philosophy of action. According to the causal theory of action (CTA), an event qualifies as an action if it is caused by the agent’s intention. In cases of deviant causal chains, this condition is met, but the agent loses control of the situation. To address this, theorists suggest that the intention must cause the action “in the right way”. However, defining what constitutes the “right way” is difficult, as the distinction between having and not having control can be subtle. In this paper, I demonstrate that brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide important insights into basic causal deviance. I examine how existing strategies might account for deviant causation in BCI use and highlight their challenges. I advocate for reliability strategies—approaches that focus on identifying which causal pathways reliably connect an agent’s intentions to their outcomes. Additionally, I compare two BCIs that differ in their sources of occasional malfunction. I argue that the presence of causal deviance in a given case depends on the boundaries of the system that enables action. Such boundary analysis is unnecessary for bodily movements; however, for basic actions performed through a machine, it becomes essential.
2024
9.
Yashin, Artem S.; Vasilyev, Anatoly N.; Shevtsova, Yulia G.; Shishkin, Sergei L. (2024). Can Quasi-Movements be Used as a Model of the BCI Based on Attempted Movements? 2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). Sarawak, Malaysia, October 6-10, 2024. 2028-2033. https://doi.org/10.1109/smc54092.2024.10831475
@conference{Yashin2024d,
title = {Can Quasi-Movements be Used as a Model of the BCI Based on Attempted Movements?},
author = {Artem S. Yashin and Anatoly N. Vasilyev and Yulia G. Shevtsova and Sergei L. Shishkin},
doi = {10.1109/smc54092.2024.10831475},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-10-06},
urldate = {2024-10-06},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)},
pages = {2028-2033},
address = {Sarawak, Malaysia, October 6-10, 2024},
abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCls) based on motor imagery (imagined movements, 1M) are among the most common BCls for the rehabilitation of paralyzed patients. However, it is possible that attempted movements (AM) would be more an effective alternative for 1M. Unlike 1M, AM are difficult to study outside of clinical practice. Nikulin et al. (2008) suggest that quasi-movements (QM) could help model AM in healthy participants without immobilizing interventions. QM result from the amplitude reduction of an overt movement, which leads to the practical absence of electromyography (EMG) response. The performance of QM may have features that may distance QM from AM. Here, we examined the compatibility of QM with a saccade task, which modelled visual interaction with the outside world during the practical use of a BCI. In a study involving 24 volunteers, we used electroencephalography (EEG), EMG, and conducted an extensive survey of the participants. We expected that, compared to 1M, QM in the dual-task condition would be easier and less tiring and would be accompanied by greater event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the sensorimotor rhythms. Our hypotheses were based on the assumption that like AM and unlike 1M, QM is a more external task, and so is more compatible with the saccade task. We reproduced the effect of greater ERD for QM in the dual-task condition but did not find any significant difference between the difficulty or tediousness of QM and 1M. Nevertheless, the survey data gave us important insights into the challenges participants faced when performing QM. Despite EMG values similar to 1M, the feeling of muscle tension experienced by the participants correlated with mean EMG values. The main challenge in performing QM by the participants was to make movements without an amplitude. Performing QM conflicted with the illusion of movement that was supposed to accompany them: without proprioceptive feedback, participants doubt the reality of QM. Our results can be used to improve the procedure of QM training, which should bring them closer to genuine attempts of movements in the eyes of participants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Brain-computer interfaces (BCls) based on motor imagery (imagined movements, 1M) are among the most common BCls for the rehabilitation of paralyzed patients. However, it is possible that attempted movements (AM) would be more an effective alternative for 1M. Unlike 1M, AM are difficult to study outside of clinical practice. Nikulin et al. (2008) suggest that quasi-movements (QM) could help model AM in healthy participants without immobilizing interventions. QM result from the amplitude reduction of an overt movement, which leads to the practical absence of electromyography (EMG) response. The performance of QM may have features that may distance QM from AM. Here, we examined the compatibility of QM with a saccade task, which modelled visual interaction with the outside world during the practical use of a BCI. In a study involving 24 volunteers, we used electroencephalography (EEG), EMG, and conducted an extensive survey of the participants. We expected that, compared to 1M, QM in the dual-task condition would be easier and less tiring and would be accompanied by greater event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the sensorimotor rhythms. Our hypotheses were based on the assumption that like AM and unlike 1M, QM is a more external task, and so is more compatible with the saccade task. We reproduced the effect of greater ERD for QM in the dual-task condition but did not find any significant difference between the difficulty or tediousness of QM and 1M. Nevertheless, the survey data gave us important insights into the challenges participants faced when performing QM. Despite EMG values similar to 1M, the feeling of muscle tension experienced by the participants correlated with mean EMG values. The main challenge in performing QM by the participants was to make movements without an amplitude. Performing QM conflicted with the illusion of movement that was supposed to accompany them: without proprioceptive feedback, participants doubt the reality of QM. Our results can be used to improve the procedure of QM training, which should bring them closer to genuine attempts of movements in the eyes of participants.
8.
Yashin, Artem S.; Lavrov, Daniil S.; Melnichuk, Eugeny V.; Karpov, Valery V.; Zhao, Darisy G.; Dubynin, Ignat A. (2024). Robot remote control using virtual reality headset: studying sense of agency with subjective distance estimates. Virtual Reality, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-024-01028-6
@article{Yashin2024,
title = {Robot remote control using virtual reality headset: studying sense of agency with subjective distance estimates},
author = {Artem S. Yashin and Daniil S. Lavrov and Eugeny V. Melnichuk and Valery V. Karpov and Darisy G. Zhao and Ignat A. Dubynin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s10055-024-01028-6.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s10055-024-01028-6},
issn = {1434-9957},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-06-24},
urldate = {2024-06-24},
journal = {Virtual Reality},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Mobile robots have many applications in the modern world. The autonomy of robots is increasing, but critical cases like search and rescue missions must involve the possibility of human intervention for ethical reasons and safety. To achieve effective human–robot interaction, the operator needs to have a sense of agency (SoA) over the activities of the robot. One possible way to increase one's SoA in remote control could be the use of VR technology. The remote control situation has some important features, so indicators of SoA need to be reproduced there independently. In our study, participants controlled a mobile robot using either a monitor or a VR-headset as an output device. In both cases, active control was contrasted with passive observation of the robot's movement. In each trial, participants estimated the distance traveled by the robot—a putative implicit indicator of SoA. A significant difference between subjective distance estimates was found in the active and passive conditions with the monitor, but not in the active and passive conditions with VR. The effect obtained in the monitor conditions suggests that distance estimates can be used as an implicit indicator of SoA in robot remote control. We believe that the lack of difference between the active and passive conditions in VR was caused by motion sickness due to a mismatch of visual and vestibular sensory cues, leading to a weakened SoA.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mobile robots have many applications in the modern world. The autonomy of robots is increasing, but critical cases like search and rescue missions must involve the possibility of human intervention for ethical reasons and safety. To achieve effective human–robot interaction, the operator needs to have a sense of agency (SoA) over the activities of the robot. One possible way to increase one's SoA in remote control could be the use of VR technology. The remote control situation has some important features, so indicators of SoA need to be reproduced there independently. In our study, participants controlled a mobile robot using either a monitor or a VR-headset as an output device. In both cases, active control was contrasted with passive observation of the robot's movement. In each trial, participants estimated the distance traveled by the robot—a putative implicit indicator of SoA. A significant difference between subjective distance estimates was found in the active and passive conditions with the monitor, but not in the active and passive conditions with VR. The effect obtained in the monitor conditions suggests that distance estimates can be used as an implicit indicator of SoA in robot remote control. We believe that the lack of difference between the active and passive conditions in VR was caused by motion sickness due to a mismatch of visual and vestibular sensory cues, leading to a weakened SoA.
7.
Yashin, Artem S.; Stolyarova, Anastasiya N.; Melnichuk, Eugeni V.; Arinkin, Nikita A.; Zinina, Anna A.; Zhao, Darisy G.; Kotov, Artemiy A. (2024). When is Human–Robot Joint Agency Effective? The Case of Cooperative Reaction Games. International Journal of Social Robotics, 16(3), 635-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-023-01089-8
@article{Yashin2024b,
title = {When is Human–Robot Joint Agency Effective? The Case of Cooperative Reaction Games},
author = {Artem S. Yashin and Anastasiya N. Stolyarova and Eugeni V. Melnichuk and Nikita A. Arinkin and Anna A. Zinina and Darisy G. Zhao and Artemiy A. Kotov},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s12369-023-01089-8.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s12369-023-01089-8},
issn = {1875-4805},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-06},
urldate = {2024-01-06},
journal = {International Journal of Social Robotics},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {635-644},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {Here, using a cooperative reaction game, we compared human interaction with an anthropomorphic robot and a computer program. The assistant (either the robot or the program) took over half of the tasks that the participant faced in the game. In half of the game sessions, the assistant reacted slowly, and in the other half, it reacted faster than naive participants. Together with the fast-paced robot, participants scored significantly more points, than with the fast-paced program. This difference was made by the players, as there was no difference in performance between the robot and the program. In addition, human reaction time varied with the pace of the robot, but not the program. We believe that the participants played better with the robot and adopted its pace because they perceived it as a real co-agent. According to the survey, the participants preferred to play with the robot. Together, these results suggest promising prospects for joint human–robot agency and the use of anthropomorphic robots.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Here, using a cooperative reaction game, we compared human interaction with an anthropomorphic robot and a computer program. The assistant (either the robot or the program) took over half of the tasks that the participant faced in the game. In half of the game sessions, the assistant reacted slowly, and in the other half, it reacted faster than naive participants. Together with the fast-paced robot, participants scored significantly more points, than with the fast-paced program. This difference was made by the players, as there was no difference in performance between the robot and the program. In addition, human reaction time varied with the pace of the robot, but not the program. We believe that the participants played better with the robot and adopted its pace because they perceived it as a real co-agent. According to the survey, the participants preferred to play with the robot. Together, these results suggest promising prospects for joint human–robot agency and the use of anthropomorphic robots.
2023
6.
Yashin, Artem S. (2023). A Challenge for Bringing a BCI Closer to Motor Control: The “Interface Uncanny Valley” Hypothesis. 2023 IEEE Ural-Siberian Conference on Computational Technologies in Cognitive Science, Genomics and Biomedicine (CSGB). Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 28-30 September 2023. 242-247. https://doi.org/10.1109/csgb60362.2023.10329830
@conference{Yashin2023,
title = {A Challenge for Bringing a BCI Closer to Motor Control: The “Interface Uncanny Valley” Hypothesis},
author = {Artem S. Yashin},
doi = {10.1109/csgb60362.2023.10329830},
isbn = {979-8-3503-0797-9},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-09-28},
urldate = {2023-09-28},
booktitle = {2023 IEEE Ural-Siberian Conference on Computational Technologies in Cognitive Science, Genomics and Biomedicine (CSGB)},
pages = {242-247},
address = {Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 28-30 September 2023},
abstract = {Active brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer agents possibilities of affecting the world in a way that is distinct from bodily actions. One of the major disadvantages of current non-invasive BCIs is slow response time to the user's command, due to the need to classify temporally extended brain processes. In this paper, I propose a hypothesis that if BCIs will gradually approach the speed and precision of voluntary movements, a variant of the “uncanny valley” effect may emerge. In current interface architectures, a BCI user has to perform an intermediate mental action to give a command to the computer. Several reported cases indicate that these actions, e.g. kinesthetic motor imagery, can be automated over time. I examine the structure of the agent's intentions before and after this automation and compare it to movement automation. I argue that the evolution of intentions in motor learning apply to BCI control learning, meaning that BCI control gravitates towards motor control. I consider the strict requirements for movements and their outcomes to produce the sense of agency with respect to bodily actions. These requirements include high congruence between intention and the outcome of action and small delays before the outcome. Based on the putative proximity of motor control and control over fast BCIs of the future, I claim that without an extremely high classification accuracy, actions performed with these BCIs will severely disrupt the sense of agency of the user.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Active brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer agents possibilities of affecting the world in a way that is distinct from bodily actions. One of the major disadvantages of current non-invasive BCIs is slow response time to the user's command, due to the need to classify temporally extended brain processes. In this paper, I propose a hypothesis that if BCIs will gradually approach the speed and precision of voluntary movements, a variant of the “uncanny valley” effect may emerge. In current interface architectures, a BCI user has to perform an intermediate mental action to give a command to the computer. Several reported cases indicate that these actions, e.g. kinesthetic motor imagery, can be automated over time. I examine the structure of the agent's intentions before and after this automation and compare it to movement automation. I argue that the evolution of intentions in motor learning apply to BCI control learning, meaning that BCI control gravitates towards motor control. I consider the strict requirements for movements and their outcomes to produce the sense of agency with respect to bodily actions. These requirements include high congruence between intention and the outcome of action and small delays before the outcome. Based on the putative proximity of motor control and control over fast BCIs of the future, I claim that without an extremely high classification accuracy, actions performed with these BCIs will severely disrupt the sense of agency of the user.
5.
Yashin, Artem S.; Shishkin, Sergei L.; Vasilyev, Anatoly N. (2023). Is there a continuum of agentive awareness across physical and mental actions? The case of quasi-movements. Consciousness and Cognition, 112, 103531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2023.103531
Abstract | PDF (preprint) | BibTeX
@article{Yashin2023c,
title = {Is there a continuum of agentive awareness across physical and mental actions? The case of quasi-movements},
author = {Artem S. Yashin and Sergei L. Shishkin and Anatoly N. Vasilyev},
url = {https://osf.io/b6hw4},
doi = {10.1016/j.concog.2023.103531},
issn = {1053-8100},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-18},
urldate = {2023-05-18},
journal = {Consciousness and Cognition},
volume = {112},
pages = {103531},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
abstract = {While humans routinely distinguish between physical and mental actions, overt movements (OM) and kinesthetically imagined movements (IM) are often viewed as forming a continuum of activities. Here, we theoretically conceptualized this continuum hypothesis for agentive awareness related to OM and IM and tested it experimentally using quasi-movements (QM), a little studied type of covert actions, which is considered as an inner part of the OM-IM continuum. QM are performed when a movement attempt is minimized down to full extinction of overt movement and muscle activity. We asked participants to perform OM, IM and QM and collected their electromyography data. According to participants’ reports, they experienced QM as OM in terms of intentions and expected sensory feedback, while the verbal descriptors were independent from muscle activation. These results do not fit the OM-QM-IM continuum and suggest qualitative distinction for agentive awareness between IM and QM/OM.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While humans routinely distinguish between physical and mental actions, overt movements (OM) and kinesthetically imagined movements (IM) are often viewed as forming a continuum of activities. Here, we theoretically conceptualized this continuum hypothesis for agentive awareness related to OM and IM and tested it experimentally using quasi-movements (QM), a little studied type of covert actions, which is considered as an inner part of the OM-IM continuum. QM are performed when a movement attempt is minimized down to full extinction of overt movement and muscle activity. We asked participants to perform OM, IM and QM and collected their electromyography data. According to participants’ reports, they experienced QM as OM in terms of intentions and expected sensory feedback, while the verbal descriptors were independent from muscle activation. These results do not fit the OM-QM-IM continuum and suggest qualitative distinction for agentive awareness between IM and QM/OM.
4.
Vasilyev, Anatoly N.; Yashin, Artem S.; Shishkin, Sergei L. (2023). Quasi-Movements and “Quasi-Quasi-Movements”: Does Residual Muscle Activation Matter? Life, 13(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020303
@article{Vasilyev2023d,
title = {Quasi-Movements and “Quasi-Quasi-Movements”: Does Residual Muscle Activation Matter?},
author = {Anatoly N. Vasilyev and Artem S. Yashin and Sergei L. Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_life13020303.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/life13020303},
issn = {2075-1729},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-02-00},
urldate = {2023-02-00},
journal = {Life},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {303},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Quasi-movements (QM) are observed when an individual minimizes a movement to an extent that no related muscle activation is detected. Likewise to imaginary movements (IM) and overt movements, QMs are accompanied by the event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG sensorimotor rhythms. Stronger ERD was observed under QMs compared to IMs in some studies. However, the difference could be caused by the remaining muscle activation in QMs that could escape detection. Here, we re-examined the relation between the electromyography (EMG) signal and ERD in QM using sensitive data analysis procedures. More trials with signs of muscle activation were observed in QMs compared with a visual task and IMs. However, the rate of such trials was not correlated with subjective estimates of actual movement. Contralateral ERD did not depend on the EMG but still was stronger in QMs compared with IMs. These results suggest that brain mechanisms are common for QMs in the strict sense and “quasi-quasi-movements” (attempts to perform the same task accompanied by detectable EMG elevation) but differ between them and IMs. QMs could be helpful in research aimed at better understanding motor action and at modeling the use of attempted movements in the brain-computer interfaces with healthy participants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Quasi-movements (QM) are observed when an individual minimizes a movement to an extent that no related muscle activation is detected. Likewise to imaginary movements (IM) and overt movements, QMs are accompanied by the event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG sensorimotor rhythms. Stronger ERD was observed under QMs compared to IMs in some studies. However, the difference could be caused by the remaining muscle activation in QMs that could escape detection. Here, we re-examined the relation between the electromyography (EMG) signal and ERD in QM using sensitive data analysis procedures. More trials with signs of muscle activation were observed in QMs compared with a visual task and IMs. However, the rate of such trials was not correlated with subjective estimates of actual movement. Contralateral ERD did not depend on the EMG but still was stronger in QMs compared with IMs. These results suggest that brain mechanisms are common for QMs in the strict sense and “quasi-quasi-movements” (attempts to perform the same task accompanied by detectable EMG elevation) but differ between them and IMs. QMs could be helpful in research aimed at better understanding motor action and at modeling the use of attempted movements in the brain-computer interfaces with healthy participants.
2022
3.
Yashin, Artem S.; Zhao, Darisy G.; Stolyarova, Anastasiya N.; Moscowsky, Anton D.; Yakovlev, Dmitry S.; Nazhestkin, Ivan A.; Shishkin, Sergei L.; Dubynin, Ignat A. (2022). Subjective Distance Estimates and Sense of Agency in Robotic Wheelchair Control. Applied Sciences, 12(12), 6217. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12126217
@article{Yashin2022,
title = {Subjective Distance Estimates and Sense of Agency in Robotic Wheelchair Control},
author = {Artem S. Yashin and Darisy G. Zhao and Anastasiya N. Stolyarova and Anton D. Moscowsky and Dmitry S. Yakovlev and Ivan A. Nazhestkin and Sergei L. Shishkin and Ignat A. Dubynin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.3390_app12126217.pdf},
doi = {10.3390/app12126217},
issn = {2076-3417},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-06-18},
urldate = {2022-06-18},
journal = {Applied Sciences},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {6217},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Sense of agency (SoA) refers to an individual’s awareness of their own actions. SoA studies seek to find objective indicators for the feeling of agency. These indicators, being related to the feeling of control, have practical application in vehicle design. However, they have not been investigated for actions related to the agent’s body movement inherent to steering a vehicle. In our study, participants operated a robotic wheelchair under three conditions: active control by a participant, direct control by the experimenter and remote control by the experimenter. In each trial, a participant drove the wheelchair until a sound signal occurred, after which they stopped the wheelchair and estimated the travelled distance. The subjective estimates were significantly greater when participants operated the wheelchair by themselves. This result contrasts with observations under static settings in previous studies. In an additional study on the electroencephalographic response to a sound presented at a random time after movement onset, the observed latencies in the N1 component implied that participants might have a higher sense of control when they drove the wheelchair. The proposed methodology might become useful to indirectly assess the degree of operator control of a vehicle, primarily in the field of rehabilitation technologies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sense of agency (SoA) refers to an individual’s awareness of their own actions. SoA studies seek to find objective indicators for the feeling of agency. These indicators, being related to the feeling of control, have practical application in vehicle design. However, they have not been investigated for actions related to the agent’s body movement inherent to steering a vehicle. In our study, participants operated a robotic wheelchair under three conditions: active control by a participant, direct control by the experimenter and remote control by the experimenter. In each trial, a participant drove the wheelchair until a sound signal occurred, after which they stopped the wheelchair and estimated the travelled distance. The subjective estimates were significantly greater when participants operated the wheelchair by themselves. This result contrasts with observations under static settings in previous studies. In an additional study on the electroencephalographic response to a sound presented at a random time after movement onset, the observed latencies in the N1 component implied that participants might have a higher sense of control when they drove the wheelchair. The proposed methodology might become useful to indirectly assess the degree of operator control of a vehicle, primarily in the field of rehabilitation technologies.
2021
2.
Яшин, А. С.; Дубынин, И. А. (2021). Интенциональное связывание как неявный показатель чувства агентности. Российский журнал когнитивной науки, 8(4), 11-36. https://doi.org/10.47010/21.4.2
@article{nokey,
title = {Интенциональное связывание как неявный показатель чувства агентности},
author = {Яшин, А.С. and Дубынин, И.А.},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.47010_21.4.2.pdf},
doi = {10.47010/21.4.2},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-22},
urldate = {2021-12-22},
journal = {Российский журнал когнитивной науки},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {11-36},
abstract = {Интенциональным связыванием (ИС) называют эффект субъективного сближения во времени действия и результата этого действия. Данный эффект часто рассматривают как неявный показатель чувства агентности — осведомленности человека о его собственных действиях. В обзоре мы анализируем различные исследования ИС, проверяющие наличие корреляции между эффектом и чувством агентности. Мы учитываем некоторые важные различия между экспериментальными методиками — например, разные способы измерения ИС. В обзоре рассматривается возникновение ИС при выполнении совместных действий, а также влияние на эффект таких факторов, как задержка между действием и сигналом, модальность сигнала, валентность результата действия и т.д. Мы приходим к выводу, что ИС по-разному проявляет себя в зависимости от способа измерения, то есть его единство как эффекта вызывает сомнения. На ИС оказывают влияние как низкоуровневые, так и высокоуровневые процессы, которые взаимодействуют между собой и в разной степени модулируют силу эффекта. По-видимому, эффект отражает не только наличие чувства агентности, но и предсказуемость событий в эксперименте, а также возникновение репрезентации движения у испытуемого. При этом источником неоднозначностей в исследованиях служит большая разница в представлениях авторов работ о чувстве агентности, что отражается на интерпретации результатов. В конце обзора мы формулируем рекомендации для проведения экспериментов по изучению эффекта, призванные учесть методические недочеты существующих исследований. Также мы указываем на наиболее перспективные направления в исследованиях ИС и предъявляем концептуальные трудности, с которыми сталкиваются интерпретации экспериментальных результатов.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Интенциональным связыванием (ИС) называют эффект субъективного сближения во времени действия и результата этого действия. Данный эффект часто рассматривают как неявный показатель чувства агентности — осведомленности человека о его собственных действиях. В обзоре мы анализируем различные исследования ИС, проверяющие наличие корреляции между эффектом и чувством агентности. Мы учитываем некоторые важные различия между экспериментальными методиками — например, разные способы измерения ИС. В обзоре рассматривается возникновение ИС при выполнении совместных действий, а также влияние на эффект таких факторов, как задержка между действием и сигналом, модальность сигнала, валентность результата действия и т.д. Мы приходим к выводу, что ИС по-разному проявляет себя в зависимости от способа измерения, то есть его единство как эффекта вызывает сомнения. На ИС оказывают влияние как низкоуровневые, так и высокоуровневые процессы, которые взаимодействуют между собой и в разной степени модулируют силу эффекта. По-видимому, эффект отражает не только наличие чувства агентности, но и предсказуемость событий в эксперименте, а также возникновение репрезентации движения у испытуемого. При этом источником неоднозначностей в исследованиях служит большая разница в представлениях авторов работ о чувстве агентности, что отражается на интерпретации результатов. В конце обзора мы формулируем рекомендации для проведения экспериментов по изучению эффекта, призванные учесть методические недочеты существующих исследований. Также мы указываем на наиболее перспективные направления в исследованиях ИС и предъявляем концептуальные трудности, с которыми сталкиваются интерпретации экспериментальных результатов.
1.
Dubynin, Ignat A.; Yashin, Artem S.; Velichkovsky, Boris M.; Shishkin, Sergei L. (2021). An experimental paradigm for studying sense of agency in joint human–machine motor actions. Experimental Brain Research, 239(6), 1951-1961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06105-9
@article{Dubynin2021,
title = {An experimental paradigm for studying sense of agency in joint human–machine motor actions},
author = {Ignat A. Dubynin and Artem S. Yashin and Boris M. Velichkovsky and Sergei L. Shishkin},
url = {https://megmoscow.ru/wp-content/uploads/pubs/10.1007_s00221-021-06105-9.pdf},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-021-06105-9},
issn = {1432-1106},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-21},
urldate = {2021-04-21},
journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
volume = {239},
number = {6},
pages = {1951-1961},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
abstract = {In this paper, we propose an experimental technique for studying the sense of agency (SoA) in joint human–machine actions. This technique is based on the use of an electromechanical finger-lifting device that enables a joint motor action initiated by a participant and completed by the machine. The joint action, later referred to as an “active–passive” action, was implemented as a reaction time task and contrasted with other levels of participant’s involvement, including active movement, passive movement, and observation of a dummy’s movement. In each trial, a feedback sound signal informed the participant whether they had performed the task successfully, i.e. faster than a threshold, which was individually adjusted in the beginning of the experiment. In the active condition, the result depended on the participant, while in other conditions it was preprogrammed for the servo. In context of this task, we studied direct time estimates made by participants and auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in 20 healthy volunteers. The amplitude of the auditory N1 component in the responses to the feedback sound showed no significant effect of activity and success factors, while its latency was shorter in successful trials. Interaction of activity and success factors was significant for subjective time estimates. Surprisingly, the intentional binding effect (subjective compression of time intervals, which is known as a correlate of SoA) only emerged in trials of active condition with negative results. This observation was in contrast with the fact that the active and active–passive movements were both voluntarily initiated by the participant. We believe that studying SoA with the proposed technique may not only add to the understanding of agency but also provide practically relevant results for the development of human–machine systems such as exoskeletons.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we propose an experimental technique for studying the sense of agency (SoA) in joint human–machine actions. This technique is based on the use of an electromechanical finger-lifting device that enables a joint motor action initiated by a participant and completed by the machine. The joint action, later referred to as an “active–passive” action, was implemented as a reaction time task and contrasted with other levels of participant’s involvement, including active movement, passive movement, and observation of a dummy’s movement. In each trial, a feedback sound signal informed the participant whether they had performed the task successfully, i.e. faster than a threshold, which was individually adjusted in the beginning of the experiment. In the active condition, the result depended on the participant, while in other conditions it was preprogrammed for the servo. In context of this task, we studied direct time estimates made by participants and auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in 20 healthy volunteers. The amplitude of the auditory N1 component in the responses to the feedback sound showed no significant effect of activity and success factors, while its latency was shorter in successful trials. Interaction of activity and success factors was significant for subjective time estimates. Surprisingly, the intentional binding effect (subjective compression of time intervals, which is known as a correlate of SoA) only emerged in trials of active condition with negative results. This observation was in contrast with the fact that the active and active–passive movements were both voluntarily initiated by the participant. We believe that studying SoA with the proposed technique may not only add to the understanding of agency but also provide practically relevant results for the development of human–machine systems such as exoskeletons.